Consider a preparation that contains all the enzymes and cofactors necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. If [2-H] acetyl-CoA labeled with deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen and excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, where will you find these labeled deuterium atoms in a molecule of palmitate synthesized? Explain. K. Describe the steps involved in the synthesis of palmitic acid starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.

Consider a preparation that contains all the enzymes and cofactors necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. If [2-H] acetyl-CoA labeled with deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen and excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, where will you find these labeled deuterium atoms in a molecule of palmitate synthesized? Explain. K. Describe the steps involved in the synthesis of palmitic acid starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Explain how fatty acids are constructed two carbon atoms at atime while the immediate donor of these carbons is a threecarbon compound.
Considering that triacylglycerols get hydrolyzed in the small intestine because of pancreatic lipases, write the reactions using structural formulas by which a 7-carbon fatty acid is activated and oxidized in the liver of this patient. Indicate cofactors and underscore the final CoA products.
Compare and contrast the pathway by which fatty acids are degraded (B-oxidation) with the pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA. Comment on the following: (i) nature of the "activated" structures (ii) coenzymes involved (iii) stereochemistry of the intermediates (iv) sites where pathways occur
Which of the following is a true statement regarding sphingolipid synthesis? (A) The first step in sphingolipid synthesis is the condensation of palmitoyl CoA with aspartate to form b-ketosphinganine.(B) This process requires the reduction of a ketone that uses NADH as the reducing agent.(C) A fatty acid is attached to dihydrosphingosine to form dihydroceramide. (D) FAD is using as an oxidizing agent to remove a double bond from dihydroceramide.(E) The formation of sphingomyelin requires the attachment of a glucose or galactose molecule to ceramide.
High blood levels of triacylglycerides are associated with heart attacks and strokes. Clofibrate, a drug that increases the activity of peroxisomes, is sometimes used to treat patients with such a condition. What is the biochemical basis for this treatment?
Palmitic acid is a straight-chain saturated 16-carbon fatty acid. How many moles of malonyl-CoA are required for the synthesis of one mole of palmitic acid?
For saturated fatty acids, these reactions can continue as you have drawn until all the carbons of the fatty acid have been oxidized to acetyl-CoA. What is problematic about an unsaturated fatty acid, such as C16:cis-9?
Give the general equation for fatty acid biosynthesis.
1. What are the numbers of carbon atoms derived from the first acetyl-CoA that binds to fatty acid synthase complex in palmitate, the end product of the pathway? For the answer: a) name the initial substrates for fatty acid synthesis and their source; b) draw the reactions of the first spiral of fatty acid synthesis; b) mark the carbon atoms (*) derived from the first acetyl-CoA in the product of the first spiral of fatty acid synthesis; c) answer the question of the problem.
Under conditions where ketone bodies are being produced in the liver, how many ATPS can be produced from a molecule of palmitic acid if all resulting molecules of acetyl-CoA are converted into B-hydroxybutyrate?
We have encountered reactions similar to the oxidation, hydration, and oxidation reactions of fatty acid degradation earlier in our study of biochemistry. What other pathway employs this set of reactions?
Which of the following biochemical conversions can be carried out by the least number of proteins? Assume proper metabolic conditions, abundance of cofactors, necessary accessory molecules, etc. 1 propionyl-CoA → 1 succinyl-CoA 1 palmitate (16:0) → 8 acetyl-CoA 1 acetyl-CoA + 7 malonyl-CoA → 1 palmitate (16:0) 1 palmitate (16:0) → 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 myristic acid (14:0) 1 acetyl-CoA → 1 succinate Please answer very soon will give rating surely