Consider a microscope that uses ultraviolet light of frequency f = 1.5 × 10 15 Hz. Ignoring the details of the optical system, what is the approximate size d, in meters, of the smallest feature observable through this microscope?

For sodium light of wavelength 5893Å, calculate thickness of quarter wave plate. Given ne = 1.553 and no = 1.544.

A thin crystalline layer has to be characterized in terms of lattice constant (roughly 0.56 nm, twice the atom’s distance). You try to apply the technique of x-ray diffraction based on the Kß-line of 42Mo (ignore any screening effects). At which diffraction angle(s) can we expect a signal?

Kindly share detailed explanation for each step especially for saturation current calculation in c option.

An optical fiber with a step-index profile has a core with a diameter of 4 µm. The core and shell indexes are approximately equal (¹¹₂), and the difference between them, An=n-₂, is such that An/n, 2%. Find the minimum wavelength inside the core, ^=/, for which the fiber operates as a single mode.

Tungsten is a very high density, high melting point, and hard metal. These properties are partially due to its body centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure. Tungsten has an atomic number of 74 and an average mass of 183.8u. (1u = 1.661x10-27 kg). X-ray diffraction experiments determine that the Bravais lattice has a characteristic length of 3.155 Å (This means each side of the cube shown below has a length of 0.3155 nm.) How many complete tungsten atoms are there in each BCC unit cell?

Potassium iodide has an interplanar spacing of d = 0.296 nm. A monochromatic X-ray beam shows a first-order diffraction maximum when the grazing angle is 7.2°. Calculate the X-ray wavelength 1. λ = nm

If the optical power entering an optical fiber is I=1000 mW Its length is z = 100 km The loss is a=0.2 dB/Km. What is the window capacity?

A beam of 541-nm light is incident on a diffraction grating that has 400 grooves/mm. (a) Determine the angle of the second-order ray. (b) What If? If the entire apparatus is immersed in water, what is the new second-order angle of diffraction? (c) Show that the two diffracted rays of parts (a) and (b) are related through the law of refraction.

In the figure below, sources A and B emit long-range radio waves of wavelength 1 = 450 m, with the phase of the emission from A ahead of that from source B by 90°. The distance ra from A to detector D is greater than the corresponding distance rg by 60 m. What is the phase difference at D? 0.17 TB