Consider a hypothetical world consisting of only three countries: Hungary, Australia, and Italy. Each country produces grain. Hungary is a small economy compared to Australia and Italy and thus cannot influence foreign prices. On the following graph, the supply and demand schedules of Hungary are shown as Sun and Diun Foreign supply schedules of grain are perfectly elastic: Australia is a more efficient supplier of grain than Italy because its supply price is $1.00 per bushel (SA), whereas Italy's supply price is $2.00 per bushel (S). PRICE (Dollars) 10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0 ST S +T S S 036 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 GRAIN (Thousands of bushels) Calculate the quantity of bushels Hungary imports when the three nations engage in free trade. Enter this value in the first row of the following table. Also indicate which country Hungary imports from. Scenario Free trade With tariff With customs union 30 Imports (Thousands of bushels) Imports from... 000

< Question 73 of 75 The automobile industry in Macroland successfully lobbies for import quotas that result in automobile prices that are $1,000 higher than before the quotas. Increased sales of automobiles produced in Macroland protect the jobs of 20,000 automobile workers. What is an additional consequence of the quotas that is not as attractive for Macroland's economy? Automobile producers in other countries will reduce the price of their cars to offset the higher prices required by the quotas. O Each of Macroland's citizens who buys a car will have $1,000 less to spend on other products, leading to reduced sales and fewer jobs in other industries. The government will lose tax revenue. Consumers will buy more cars than before, pushing the automobile market out of equilibrium.

. The United States currently imports all of its coffee. The annual demand for coffee by U.S. consumers is given by the demand curve Qd = 150 − 10P, where Qd is quantity (in millions of pounds) and P is the market price per pound of coffee. Suppose the domestic supply is Qs = 10P −50. The U.S. coffee market is competitive. Suppose that the world price of coffee is $6. Congress is considering a tariff on coffee imports of $2 per pound. (a) Find the producer and consumer surplus if there was no trade. (b) Calculate the consumer and producer surplus after we engage in free trade. (c) If the tariff is imposed calculate the changes to consumer and producer surplus. (d) Other than lower prices, provide two benefits that can occur as a result of free trade.

Now suppose other countries produce cassava and Côte d'Ivoire can import cassava at the world price (Pw) which is lower than the autarky (e. economic independence or self-sufficiency) price (Pa). Figure 2 below depicts the demand and supply curves for cassava in Côte d'Ivoire with imports. Quantity is represented on horizontal axis and price is on the vertical axis. Carefully examine Figure 2 and answer questions 8-11 that follow: Note: Qa is the Autarky quantity, Qs is the quantity of cassava supplied by producers in Côte d'Ivoire, and Qd is the quantity of cassava demanded by consumers in Côte d'Ivoire after import Figure 2: Demand and Supply of Cassava in Côte d'Ivoire with Imports Price ($) Pa Oa 9b OC Od OF or Pw 0 a Qs U d la la D₂ Quantity (kg) Question 8: Using the letters (i.e. a, b, c, d, e, f) from Figure 2, which area represents the producer surplus if Côte d'ivoire imports cassava at the world price (Pw)? Select all that apply.

There are two countries Home and Foreign. Home has 1,200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, apples and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is 2. Foreign has a labor force of 800. Foreign's unit labor requirement in apple production is 5, while in banana production it is 1. Suppose world relative demand takes the following form: Demand for apples/demand for bananas = price of bananas/price of apples a-b. On the graph to the right: 1.) Using the 3-point curved line drawing tool, draw the relative demand curve. Label the curve RD. 2) Using the point drawing tool, indicate the equilibrium relative price of apples. Label this point EQ. Carefully follow the instructions above and only draw the required objects. 2 Relative price of apples Pa/Pb 0 035 0.75 05 Relative quantity of apples RS

The following graph shows the domestic supply of and demand for soybeans in Honduras. The world price (Pw) of soybeans is $530 per ton and is represented by the horizontal black line. Throughout the question, assume that the amount demanded by any one country does not affect the world price of soybeans and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with international trade in soybeans. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. 890 Domestic Demand Domestic Supply 850 810 770 730 690 650 610 570 Pw 530 490 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 QUANTITY (Tons of soybeans) PRICE (Dollars per ton)

The following graph shows the domestic supply of and demand for soybeans in Guatemala. The world price (Pw ) of soybeans is $540 per ton and is represented by the horizontal black line. Throughout the question, assume that the amount demanded by any one country doès not affect the world price of soybeans and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with international trade in soybeans. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. 900 Domestic Demand Domestic Supply 855 810 765 720 675 630 585 Pw 540 495 450 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 QUANTITY (Tons of soybeans) PRICE (Dollars per ton)

Price of Clothing Market for Clothing in Vietnam Domestic Demand Quantity of Clothing Domestic Supply World Price A Consumer Surplus Producer Surplus

The figure below shows the hypothetical domestic supply and demand for baseball caps in the country of Spain. Domestic Supply and Demand for Baseball Caps Spain Price (€ per cap) 10 X 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 9 8 7 5 3 2 1 0 Sd Dd

Kazakhstan is a grape producer, as well as an importer of grapes. Suppose the following graph shows Kazakhstan's domestic market for grapes, where SK is the supply curve and DK is the demand curve. The free trade world price of grapes (Pw) is $800 per ton. Suppose Kazakhstan's government restricts imports of grapes to 60,000 tons. The world price of grapes is not affected by the quota. Analyze the effects of the quota on Kazakhstan's welfare. On the following graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to draw the Kazakhstan's supply curve including the quota Sk+Q. (Hint: Draw this as a straight line even though this curve should be equivalent to the domestic supply curve below the world price.) Then use the grey line (star symbol) to indicate the new price of grapes with a quota of 60,000 grapes. PRICE (Dollars per ton) 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 0 20 SK K P W 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 QUANTITY (Thousands of tons) SK+Q The equivalent import tariff for…