Consider a file currently consisting of 90 blocks. Assume that the file control block (and the index block, in the case of indexed allocation) is already in memory. Calculate how many disk I/O operations are required for contiguous, linked, and indexed (single-level) allocation strategies, if, for one block, the following conditions hold. In the contiguous-allocation case, assume that there is no room to grow at the beginning but there is room to grow at the end. Also assume that the block information to be added is stored in memory.) i) The block is added at the beginning. ii) The block is added in the middle. iii) The block is added at the end. iv) The block is removed from the beginning. v) The block is removed from the middle. vi) The block is removed from the end

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Fundamentals of memory

A collection of connected storage devices form the memory unit. It is a space to store data and instructions required for processing. Information is stored in a memory unit in the form of bits. There are two types of memory namely: