conquered the Assyrian lands. In 586 B.C., the king of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar, captured Jerusalem. Judah's leaders resisted his rule, so the Babylonians destroyed the Temple. They took thousands of Jews to Babylon as slaves. 2. Why did Israel split into two kingdoms? Jewish Exiles Return to Judah (pages 338-339) What hope sustained the Jews in exile? The Israelites were kept in Babylon for about 50 years. This period is called the Babylonian Captivity. During the Captivity, the Israelites became known as the Jews.

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