Computron's Balance Sheets (Millions of Dollars)         Projection         2018 2019 2020E   Assets             Cash and equivalents     $ 60 $ 50 $ 60   Short-term investments     100 10 50   Accounts receivable     400 520 530   Inventories     620 820 660   Total current assets     $ 1,180 $ 1,400 $ 1,300   Net Fixed Assets     2,900 3,500 3,700   Total Assets     $ 4,080 $ 4,900 $ 5,000                 Liabilities and equity             Accounts payable     $ 300 $ 400 $ 330   Notes payable     50 250 100   Accruals     200 240 270   Total current liabilities     $ 550 $ 890 $ 700   Long-term bonds     800 1,100 1,100   Total liabilities     $ 1,350 $ 1,990 $ 1,800   Common stock (100,000 shares)     1,000 1,000 1,000   Retained earnings     1,730 1,910 2,200   Total common equity     $ 2,730 $ 2,910 $ 3,200   Total liabilities and equity     $ 4,080 $ 4,900 $ 5,000                               Income Statements (Millions of Dollars)         Projection         2018 2019 2020E   Net sales     $ 5,500 $ 6,000 $ 6,600   Cost of goods sold (Excluding depr.)     $ 4,300 $ 4,800 $ 5,210   Depreciationa     $ 290 $ 320 $ 370   Other operating expenses     $ 350 $ 420 $ 400   Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)     $ 560 $ 460 $ 620   Less interest     $ 68 $ 108 $ 100   Pre-tax earnings     $ 492 $ 352 $ 520   Taxes (25%)     $ 123 $ 88 $ 130   Net Income     $ 369 $ 264 $ 390                 Notes:             a Computron has no amortization charges.                           Additional Information         Projection         2018 2019 2020E   Year-end common stock price     $50.00 $30.00 $49.00   Shares outstanding (millions)     100 100 100   Common dividends (millions)     $90 $84 $100   Tax rate     25% 25% 25%   Additions to retained earnings (millions)     $279 $180 $290   Lease payments (millions)     $20 $20 $20                               Per Share Information         Projection         2018 2019 2020E   EPS     $3.69 $2.64 $3.90   DPS     $0.90 $0.84 $1.00   Book Value Per Share     $27.30 $29.10 $32.00                                                           Ratio Analysis     2018 2019 2020E Industry Average       Profit margin     6.7% 4.4%   7.2% Operating profit margin     10.2% 7.7%   10.4% Basic earning power     13.7% 9.4%   15.6% ROA     9.0% 5.4%   10.8% ROE     13.5% 9.1%   15.4% Inventory turnover     7.4 6.2   9.0 Days sales outstanding     26.5 31.6   28.0 Fixed assets turnover     1.9 1.7   3.0 Total assets turnover     1.348 1.224   1.5 Current     2.1 1.6   2.5 Quick     1.0 0.7   1.9 Debt ratio     20.8% 27.6%   15.0% Debt-to-equity ratio     0.31 0.46   0.22 Liabilities-to-assets ratio     33.1% 40.6%   32.0% Earnings multiplier     1.5 1.7   1.5 TIE     8.2 4.3   13.0 EBITDA coverage     9.9 6.3   17.2 Price/earnings (P/E)     13.6 11.4   16.8 Market/book     1.8 1.0   2.7                             Calculate the projected debt ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, liabilities-to-assets ratio, times-interest-earned ratio, and EBITDA coverage ratios. Explain how Computron compares with the industry with respect to financial leverage. What can you conclude from these ratios?

Essentials Of Investments
11th Edition
ISBN:9781260013924
Author:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.
Publisher:Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.
Chapter1: Investments: Background And Issues
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Computron's Balance Sheets (Millions of Dollars)
        Projection  
      2018 2019 2020E  
Assets            
Cash and equivalents     $ 60 $ 50 $ 60  
Short-term investments     100 10 50  
Accounts receivable     400 520 530  
Inventories     620 820 660  
Total current assets     $ 1,180 $ 1,400 $ 1,300  
Net Fixed Assets     2,900 3,500 3,700  
Total Assets     $ 4,080 $ 4,900 $ 5,000  
             
Liabilities and equity            
Accounts payable     $ 300 $ 400 $ 330  
Notes payable     50 250 100  
Accruals     200 240 270  
Total current liabilities     $ 550 $ 890 $ 700  
Long-term bonds     800 1,100 1,100  
Total liabilities     $ 1,350 $ 1,990 $ 1,800  
Common stock (100,000 shares)     1,000 1,000 1,000  
Retained earnings     1,730 1,910 2,200  
Total common equity     $ 2,730 $ 2,910 $ 3,200  
Total liabilities and equity     $ 4,080 $ 4,900 $ 5,000  
             
             
Income Statements (Millions of Dollars)         Projection  
      2018 2019 2020E  
Net sales     $ 5,500 $ 6,000 $ 6,600  
Cost of goods sold (Excluding depr.)     $ 4,300 $ 4,800 $ 5,210  
Depreciationa     $ 290 $ 320 $ 370  
Other operating expenses     $ 350 $ 420 $ 400  
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)     $ 560 $ 460 $ 620  
Less interest     $ 68 $ 108 $ 100  
Pre-tax earnings     $ 492 $ 352 $ 520  
Taxes (25%)     $ 123 $ 88 $ 130  
Net Income     $ 369 $ 264 $ 390  
             
Notes:            
a Computron has no amortization charges.            
             
Additional Information         Projection  
      2018 2019 2020E  
Year-end common stock price     $50.00 $30.00 $49.00  
Shares outstanding (millions)     100 100 100  
Common dividends (millions)     $90 $84 $100  
Tax rate     25% 25% 25%  
Additions to retained earnings (millions)     $279 $180 $290  
Lease payments (millions)     $20 $20 $20  
             
             
Per Share Information         Projection  
      2018 2019 2020E  
EPS     $3.69 $2.64 $3.90  
DPS     $0.90 $0.84 $1.00  
Book Value Per Share     $27.30 $29.10 $32.00  
             
             
             
             
Ratio Analysis    
2018
2019
2020E
Industry
Average
     
Profit margin     6.7% 4.4%   7.2%
Operating profit margin     10.2% 7.7%   10.4%
Basic earning power     13.7% 9.4%   15.6%
ROA     9.0% 5.4%   10.8%
ROE     13.5% 9.1%   15.4%
Inventory turnover     7.4 6.2   9.0
Days sales outstanding     26.5 31.6   28.0
Fixed assets turnover     1.9 1.7   3.0
Total assets turnover     1.348 1.224   1.5
Current     2.1 1.6   2.5
Quick     1.0 0.7   1.9
Debt ratio     20.8% 27.6%   15.0%
Debt-to-equity ratio     0.31 0.46   0.22
Liabilities-to-assets ratio     33.1% 40.6%   32.0%
Earnings multiplier     1.5 1.7   1.5
TIE     8.2 4.3   13.0
EBITDA coverage     9.9 6.3   17.2
Price/earnings (P/E)     13.6 11.4   16.8
Market/book     1.8 1.0   2.7
             
             
  • Calculate the projected debt ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, liabilities-to-assets ratio, times-interest-earned ratio, and EBITDA coverage ratios. Explain how Computron compares with the industry with respect to financial leverage. What can you conclude from these ratios?
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