Compare the particular type of host cell that is critical for the initial establishment of an infection between Vibrio cholerae and Helicobacter pylori.
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Compare the particular type of host cell that is critical for the initial establishment of an infection between Vibrio cholerae and Helicobacter pylori.
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- Name the metabolic end products that can facilitate the spread ofstreptococci and initiate secondary sites of streptococcal infection.Why does Helicobacter pylori cause ulceractions in the lining of the Stomach? 1)The microbes secrete a toxin that prevents the host from detecting invasion of the microbe and thus allows it to thrive in the stomach and damage the host cells. 2)After invasion of the microbe in the cells lining the stomach, they are no longer able to produce mucous to protect the host cells from acid erosion 3)The microbe produces an enzyme that causes the cell to produce potent digestive enzymes that erode the stomach lining. 4)Once the microbe has entered the stomach, it releases digestive enzymes that degrade the mucous secreting cells.Identify two virulence factors in the picture and explain, in detail, how they mediate V. cholerae pathogenesis.
- Describe the following in Corynebacterium diphtheriae infections (a) ToxigenesisList the four genera of bacteria that cause opportunistic infectionsand are physiologically similar to Pseudomonas.Campylobacter is an extracellular intestinal species that is a true pathogen. Which of the following specifically occur during the establishment and outgrowth stage (step 3) of the bacterial pathogenic process for this species? Tissue destruction to increase nutrient concentrations Production of exotoxins to decrease normal flora populations
- Describe the virulence factors associated with some Gram-negative bacilli and cocci.Compare the mechanism of virulence for Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic E.coli. Specifically, how do these bacteria bind to host cells and what factors are involved in producing the diarrhea observed in infected patients?Compare and contrast the virulence factors and signs and symptoms of infections with the four main E. coli groups.
- List and describe the four methods by which infection can be transferred from the source to the hostHow is salmonella typhi transmitted? Include ALL the mechanisms can be transmitted. indirect transmission (airborne, vehicles, vectors – what are the vehicles/vectors?) direct transmission (direct contact – how?) vertical transmission – how? horizontal transmission – how?Based on disease syndromes and characteristics, and also on their effect on certain cell cultures and serological groupings, five virulence groups of Escherichia coli are recognized. Briefly distinguish between these virulence groups. [Base your answer on virulence factors, pattern of bacterial attachment to host cells, effects of attachment to host cells, production of toxins, and invasiveness] What will the appearance of Escherichia coli be on MacConkey Agar red and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, respectively.