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1. Compare between the spirogram tracing of emphysema and
fibrosis lung
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- a. Explain why the anteroposterior diameter of thechest is increased in a patient with emphysema.b. Explain why hypercapnia may be a majorproblem in patients with emphysema.c. Explain how each of the following develops inpatients with emphysema: (1) cor pulmonale,(2) secondary polycythemia.Explain in detail the pathology of each of the following: Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Atelectasis Describe the key points that differentiate these three conditions . .Very briefly describe the genetic abnormality responsible for cystic fibrosis and state the disorder's effect on lung function.
- 3. Make a case analysis, what is the pathophysiology of what had cause the respiratory insufficiency and the factors that contributed to worsen the condition of patient?26) a. Write any six hazards and its corresponding effects that takes place in confined space. What is the main cause of asphyxiation and what happened because of it?21. A 70-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of fever and progressive shortness of breath. He also has a history of cough productive of yellow sputum that has recently become thick and green. He has smoked 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes daily for 40 years. His temperature is 40°C (104°F), and respirations are 22/min. Physical examination shows decreased breath sounds. A chest x-ray shows right lower lobe infiltrates surrounding a 3-cm, rounded lesion containing an air-fluid level. Which of the following immune cell activities most likely predominates in the center of this lesion? A) B-lymphocyte antibody production B) Macrophage free-radical generation C) Natural killer cell-mediated killing D) Segmented neutrophil acid hydrolase activation E) T-lymphocyte perforin synthesis W
- 4. Male patient Howard Long, 50 year of age , has been identified as having bronchiectasis. For 35 years, he smoked one pack of cigarettes per day. He's had recurrent bronchial infections for a very long time. He constantly produces a lot of purulent sputum while coughing. Even when at rest, the patient laments being out of breath. The tips of his fingers are clubbed. Bronchial dilatation can be seen on the chest CT scan. (Learning Objectives 2, 5, and 6) a.How should the nurse explain to the patient and family the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis as it is related to the symptoms the patient is experiencing? b.How should the nurse explain to the patient and family the goals of medical management that may be used to treat bronchiectasis? c.What does the nursing management for bronchiectasis entail?2. List the causative agent/s, symptom/s, andtreatmentfor anyfour (4) viral diseases of the respiratory system. Separate the diseases accordingto whetherthey infect the upper or lower respiratory system. Symptom/s (give 2 most Name of viral Causative Treatment Upper Respiratory System (check System (check Lower disease agent/s Respiratory prominent ones) this column if this column if it belongs here) it belongs here)Is lung transplantation a solution for emphysema?
- 6.What features of cystic fibrosis lung illness are the focus of current treatments?Compare and contrast the aetiology, pathogenesis and manifestations of the two types of pleural effusions and pulmonary oedema. Explain the difference in location of fluid build up and suggest ways a clinician could differentiate between the conditions to assist diagnosis. You may like to create a table to organise your thoughts to make the comparisons clear and accessible to put into words.Task. Complete the table about pulmonary tuberculosis Required Information Answer Scientific Name: Appearance under the microscope (specify color and shape) CAUSATIVE AGENT What is the waxy material present in its cell wall? Describe briefly What is the most definitive (gold standard) diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis? What is the special staining technique to identify TB bacilli in sputum samples? PTB DIAGNOSIS What is Mantoux test? Describe briefly What is the purpose of chest x-ray in TB diagnosis? Describe briefly Mechanism of Transmission PRINCIPLES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE Differentiate Active and Latent PTB
