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Compare and explain the gas exchange efficiencies of fish, birds, and mammals.
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- Enumerate the organs of animals in gas exchange and give its functionSOURCE: Gills are the main site of gas exchange in almost all fishes. The gills consist of bony or cartilaginously stiffened arches that anchor pairs of gill filaments. In sharks, the pairs of gill filaments are separated by a fleshy septum. The numerous, minute lamellae that protrude from both sides of each filament are the primary sites of gas exchange; however, not all the blood flow in the gills is directed to the lamellae. "Nonrespiratory basal blood channels or venolymphatic simuses may carry a significant fraction of the gall blood found that resting rainbow trout perfused approximately 58% of their lamellae with blood. Trout in hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) water or injected with epinepherine (eg. simulating stress or excitement) perfused more than 70% of their lamellae. Conversely, injections of acetylcholine decreased perfused lamellae to approximately 43%. These results indicate that rainbow trout can increase the number of lamellae that are used in respiration as the…Briefly describe the differences in respiratory needs and structures used for gas exchange in the squid, oyster, and a terrestrial snail.
- What are the physiological trade-offs of efficient gas exchange in vertebrates?Compare and contrast the gas-exchange mechanismsof hydras, earthworms, insects, aquatic vertebrates, andterrestrial vertebrates.Define the term “exchange surface” and list four common features of gas-exchange organs in animals.
- Explain some structural and functional features that are common to all gas-exchange surfaces in animals.Explain the process of gas exchange in plants and animals.Can you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words. B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words. C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).