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- Problem 4) LHV and HHV of Fuels Consider the following list of some fuels with their LHV and HHV. a) Provide a plot of the LHV as a function of the molecular mass of the fuel. Group the fuels in categories and discuss any correlation between the heating values and the molecular mass. b) Provide a plot of the percentage increase of the HHV relative to the LHV as a function of the molecular mass of the fuel. Discuss any correlation or generalization. Fuel LHV and HHV LHV Methane (CH4) Propane (C3H8) Isooctane (C8H18) Cetane (C16H34) Methanol (CH40) Ethanol (C2H60) Carbon Monoxide (CO) (MJ/kg) 50.0 46.4 44.2 44.0 20.0 26.9 10.1 HHV (MJ/kg) 55.5 50.4 47.8 47.3 22.7 29.7 10.1As an automotive engineer, your role is to design a petrol engine for SUV car with fourstroke and four cylinder petrol engine. Describe the performance criteria need to beconsidered in detailing out the possible outcome of your spark ignition engine? Write asimple essay and an example of your design calculation to describe the prototype ofyour engine.1. How does the presence of Nitrogen in air affect the outcome of a combustion process? How does the presence of moisture in air affect the outcome of a combustion process? and What are the approximate chemical compositions of gasoline, diesel fuel, and natural gas? BoldItalicUnderline
- 7. Describe the difference(s), if any, between pre-mixed and diffusion type combustion. Please select all answers that apply: a) In pre-mixed type combustion, the fuel and oxidizer are mixed before entering the combustion chamber. b) In diffusion type combustion the fuel and oxidizer enter the combustion chamber from two separate inlet streams. c) In pre-mixed combustion the fuel and oxidizer enter the combustion chamber through a single stream. d) In diffusion combustion, the fuel is injected through a nozzle. e) In diffusion combustion, the oxidizer swirls around the fuel nozzle.A petroleum cut has the specific gravity (SG = 0.825 at 60 *F) and the mean average boiling point is 288 "F. Calculate the following: 1. Heat of combustion in Btu/lb? 2. Gross heat of combustion? 3. What is the difference between the results of the two answers? Compare and discuss? (Note Use the following chart) (Tip: 1 Btu/lb = 2.326 KJ/Kg) %3D 200 PETROLEUM REFINERY ENGINEERING - 20,400 120 - 20,200 - 20,000 I1.5 - 19,800 IL3 - 19,600 I1.2 -19,400 ILO s-19,200 19,000 18,800 103 - 18,600 18,400 18,200 - 18,000 - 17,800 - 17,600 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A.RLGravity Gross Heat of Combustion Btu. per Pound Cheracterization factor,Your team started by assessing the boiler and steam network. You gathered the following information: The boiler operates at a pressure of 7 bar. The AF ratio is adjusted manually. The steam network is insulated, except at certain points where fittings and valves are present No visible steam leaks. The exhaust gas temperature is 330°C. The O2 percentage in the exhaust was found to be 8.5%. Maintenance is not regular. The boiler consumed 23,000 GJ of natural gas in 2022 (price of natural gas is JD 7.5/GJ). Prepare a short note (to be incorporated in the audit report which your team leader will compile) to provide your assessment of the boiler and steam system. Your contribution should include the following: 1. Estimation of current boiler efficiency. 2. Measures that can be taken to improve the boiler efficiency.
- Within the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, gasoline with an ordinary octane rating (C8H18) is intended to burn with an excess of air equal to fifty percent. a) Please display the actual equation for combustion.b) You need to calculate the actual air fuel ratio.c) Figure out the mass of wet products of combustion produced per kilogram of fuel, as well as the mass of dry products of combustion produced per kilogram of fuelOil shale is a type of solid fuelAn example of non-flow process is a piston assembyWork is the thermal energy transferredPeat is a type of liquid fuelA.) If all 4 statements are trueB.) If 3 of the 4 statements are trueC.) If 2 of the 4 statements are trueD.) If only 1 of the 4 statements is trueE.) If none of the 4 statements is truebliuzodt to mopolb 9. If machine parts are degreased by means of kerosene as shown in the diagram, how much kerosene make-up is needed per day? How much kerosene has to enter the degreasing vat per day? There are about 3 lb of grease per 100 lb of machine parts, and 60 tons of machine parts are processed each day. Five thousand pounds of kerosene (the 10% solution) are carried away by the machine parts each day but drip off and are caught and put back in the degreasing vat. Two hundred pounds of the 10% solution are lost each day from the vat by evaporation, spillage, or by being carried away.
- 1. What is the percent theoretical air for a combustion process to which the fuel and combustion of gas analysis are known as follows: Fuel: % by volume co2 = 12.4% co = 27% H2 = 2.2% N2 = 58.4% Combustion Gas: % by volume: CO2 = 24.6% O2 = 1.0% N2 = 74.4%Either for gas turbines OR for internal combustion engines, for the sustainable renewable energy future of Mauritius, explain which fuel(s) can be used and explain the combustion process with the help of relevant equations and diagrams. Show clearly how sustainability is achieved through the proper thermal engineering processes. Only few information provided in the images.Problem 2 An Air Force Research Lab engineer is asked to evaluate the maximum theoretical work that could be produced by the first stage turbine section of an experimental jet engine. Test stand measurements provide the following information: a. Entering air conditions: 1400 K, 8 bar b. Exiting air conditions: .8 bar Part 1: Since you don't have a mass flow rate measurement, what will be the units will you report maximum theoretical work in? Part 2: Write the first law equation for your control volume showing all terms. What assumptions will you make to simplify the equation. Part 3: Pin down the outlet state on a notional T-s diagram for air (just show the two isobars). Why did you select this point? Part 4: What assumption about the properties of air will you make in order to solve this problem? Part 5: Use the appropriate form of the 'Tds' equation and the air tables to solve for the exit state. Part 6: Calculate the max theoretical work