Achalasia is a rare disease that causes serious digestive distress to patients. Specialists perform an operation on the esophagus to remedy the situation. However, high blood pressure is a side effect of this operation and the blood pressure of operated patients is believed to be 150 mmHg. A concerned specialist collected data on randomly selected 15 patients he operated on and found their average blood pressure to be 156 mmHg with a standard deviation of 12 mmHg. The p-value for a (Assume blood pressure hypothesis test that investigates whether the operation causes higher blood pressure than the common belief is

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.