Classifying and identifying bones and bone markings Activity 2BoneLabelClassifying and Identifying Bonesand Bone MarkingsCarpal boneacarpal bone / AP / shortClavicleLearning Outcomes1. Identify the major bones of the skeleton and classifyeach bone according to shape.2. Recognize and define the various bone markings.3. Identify disarticulated bones by touch only, and justifyyour identification based on bone size, shape, andmarkings.Coxal boneCranial bonesMaterials NeededFemurO Articulated skeletonO Labeling tapeO MarkersO Bag of disarticulated bonesFibulaHumerusInstructionsA. Classifying Bones by ShapeMetacarpals1.CHART Identify on the articulated skeleton each ofthe bones in the chart at right. In the spaceMetatarsalsprovided, write (1) its name, (2) whether it belongs tothe axial skeleton (AX) or the appendicular skeleton(AP), and (3) its shape (either long, short, flat, irregu-lar, or sesamoid). The first bone has been completed asan example.PatellaPhalanges2. Next, copy your three-part identification of the boneonto a piece of labeling tape and stick the tape onto theappropriate bone.B. Examining Bone MarkingsRadius1. Locate a coxal bone, identify each of the followingbone markings, and then predict a function for eachmarking.RibsSacruma. Crestb. TuberosityScapulac. Spine2. Locate a vertebra, identify each of the following bonemarkings, and then predict a function for each marking.Sternuma. ProcessTarsalb. Facetc. ForamenTibia3. Locate a mandible, identify each of the following bonemarkings, and then predict a function for each marking.Ulnaa. Condyleb. NotchVertebrac. RamusUNIT 8 | Introduction to the Skeletal System 135 Given that oxygen and nutrients are unable to diffusethrough the hardened, mineralized extracellular matrixof compact bone, how do osteocytes survive?LacunaCanaliculus3. Examine the photomicrograph of spongy bone belowand label the following structures: trabecula, endos-teum, blood vessel, osteocyte in lacuna.Interstitial lamellaConcentric lamellaPerforating canal2. Examine a prepared slide (or photomicrograph) ofcompact bone under low power and then draw anosteon within the circle provided. Label the followingstructures on your drawing: central canal, lacuna, cana-liculus, lamella.How is spongy bone similar to compact bone?How is spongy bone different from compact bone?Chemical Compositionof BoneTotal magnification:Bone contains both inorganic and organic components.Sixty-five percent of bone tissue consists of an inorganicextracellular matrix made of mineral salts, or hydroxyapa-tite crystals (hy-drok'-see-AP-ah-tyt), predominantly cal-cium phosphate and calcium carbonate. These mineral saltsgive bone its exceptional hardness and enable it to resistWhich cells are housed in the lacunae?Which structures are housed in the canaliculi?140 UNIT 8 | Introduction to the Skeletal System

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A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton in animals. They protect…