Classify each of the following vulnerabilities using the PA model. Assume that the classification is for the implementation level. Remember to justify your answers. (a) The presence of the “wiz” command in the sendmail program  (b) The failure to handle the IFS shell variable by loadmodule  (c) The failure to select an Administrator password that was difficult to guess  (d) The failure of the Burroughs system to detect offline changes to files

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A: The solution is given in the next step

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A: Answer as follows:

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Concurrency Control

The simultaneous occurrence of two or more operations is called concurrence and the situation is called concurrency. In concurrency, the function of one operation can affect the function of the other and put data integrity at risk. Hence, management for the control of concurrency is required. The management or controlling system in the Database Management System (DBMS) that coordinates concurrent access is called the concurrency control system.