Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen. Discuss the interactions this microbe has with the eukaryotic host cells that support its intracellular survival and dissemination
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Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen. Discuss the interactions this microbe has with the eukaryotic host cells that support its intracellular survival and dissemination
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- Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how a bacterium can be part of the normal microbiome and beneficial but also be pathogenic.For each of the following: Cyanobacteria, Coronavirus, Chytrids, Ciliates, and Chronic wasting disease. Explain with details how does the pathogen invades our tissues and body after transmission. You need to include any receptors, steps etc. in its life cycle and/or the type of replication or reproduction it exhibits and how and where it exits the cells, tissues, or body. This section can also include how it spreads through the body if that is relevant.Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be normal and beneficial but also be pathogenic?
- Once these pathogens enter the host the difference in environmental conditions signals for them to germinate and turn into growing cells. Compare Inhalation anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) to Tetanus (Clostridium tetani). Besides endospores used in transmission, what is a simple explanation to help explain how each microbe survives and grows in each location?Please select all of the statements that apply to chlamydial infections. (NOTE: Please change all question marks to checkmarks for correct answers or empty boxes for incorrect answers.) Check All That Apply Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a rod-shaped bacterium. Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a rod-shaped bacterium. Causative agent is an obligate intracellular parasite. Causative agent is an obligate intracellular parasite. Causative agent has two forms: elementary body and reticulate body. Causative agent has two forms: elementary body and reticulate body. Causative agent has two stages: cercaria and miracidium. Causative agent has two stages: cercaria and miracidium. Newborn babies of infected mothers can develop chlamydial eye infections.Why do mycoplasmas need to have stronger cytoplasmicmembranes than other bacteria?
- What role do virulence factors play in the four phases of infection? Describe the infection stage and any virulence factors connected with it.Explain how specialized structures (e.g., spore, capsule, fimbriae, or flagella) enable a microbe to survive in a given environment or contribute to pathogenesis.Campylobacter is an extracellular intestinal species that is a true pathogen. Which of the following specifically occur during the establishment and outgrowth stage (step 3) of the bacterial pathogenic process for this species? Tissue destruction to increase nutrient concentrations Production of exotoxins to decrease normal flora populations
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause disease in immunocompromised people. What are two characteristics - either epidemiological or part of its biology - that make P. aeruginosa an important opportunistic pathogen? Its lack of endotoxin in cell walls helps it stay "invisible" to phagocytes It forms endospores It is common in its environmental reservoir It is resistant to many disinfectants and antibioticsListeria monocytogenes Review some common causes of meningitis by placing them in the correct microbial categories. Coccidioides immitis Acanthamoeba Viral Meningitis Protozoan Meningitis Bacterial Meningitis Fungal Meningitis Cryptococcus neoformans Herpes simplex Streptococcus pneumoniae Наеторhilus influenzae West Nile Neisseria meningitidis Naegleria fowleriWhy does Helicobacter pylori cause ulceractions in the lining of the Stomach? 1)The microbes secrete a toxin that prevents the host from detecting invasion of the microbe and thus allows it to thrive in the stomach and damage the host cells. 2)After invasion of the microbe in the cells lining the stomach, they are no longer able to produce mucous to protect the host cells from acid erosion 3)The microbe produces an enzyme that causes the cell to produce potent digestive enzymes that erode the stomach lining. 4)Once the microbe has entered the stomach, it releases digestive enzymes that degrade the mucous secreting cells.