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Chemical Engineering: Material Balance

Chemical Engineering: Material Balance

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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Use the atomic species balance for this.  Chemical Engineering: Material Balance.

Recycle and Purge in the Synthesis of Methanol Methanol (also known as methyl alcohol and wood alcohol) is used as a raw material in the manufacture of formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), and a number of other important chemicals. It also has many other uses, including as a solvent, a disinfectant, and a clean-burning fuel. One of the ways it can be synthesized is by reacting carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO₂ + 3H₂ CH3OH + H₂O - The fresh feed to a methanol synthesis process contains hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and 0.400 mole% inerts (I). The reactor effluent passes to a condenser that removes essentially all of the methanol and water formed and none of the reactants or inerts. The latter substances are recycled to the reactor. To avoid buildup of the inerts in the system, a purge stream is withdrawn from the recycle. The feed to the reactor (not the fresh feed to the process) contains 28.0 mole% CO2, 70.0 mole% H₂, and 2.00 mole% inerts. The single-pass conversion of hydrogen is 60.0%. Calculate the molar flow rates and molar compositions of the fresh feed, the total feed to the reactor, the recycle stream, and the purge stream for a methanol production rate of 155 kmol CH3OH/h. (a) Choose a basis of calculation of 100 mol of the feed to the reactor (a convenient basis since you know the composition of this stream), and draw and label a flowchart. (b) Perform a degree-of-freedom analysis for the system. As a suggested sequence, determine the difference between the number of equations and number of variables for each of the following: overall system, recycle-fresh feed mixing point, reactor, condenser, and recycle-purge splitting point. Verify that there are zero degrees of freedom for the entire process and identify an efficient procedure for carrying out the calculations (including scaling up the calculated process variables to the desired methanol production rate). € 3
Transcribed Image Text:Recycle and Purge in the Synthesis of Methanol Methanol (also known as methyl alcohol and wood alcohol) is used as a raw material in the manufacture of formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), and a number of other important chemicals. It also has many other uses, including as a solvent, a disinfectant, and a clean-burning fuel. One of the ways it can be synthesized is by reacting carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO₂ + 3H₂ CH3OH + H₂O - The fresh feed to a methanol synthesis process contains hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and 0.400 mole% inerts (I). The reactor effluent passes to a condenser that removes essentially all of the methanol and water formed and none of the reactants or inerts. The latter substances are recycled to the reactor. To avoid buildup of the inerts in the system, a purge stream is withdrawn from the recycle. The feed to the reactor (not the fresh feed to the process) contains 28.0 mole% CO2, 70.0 mole% H₂, and 2.00 mole% inerts. The single-pass conversion of hydrogen is 60.0%. Calculate the molar flow rates and molar compositions of the fresh feed, the total feed to the reactor, the recycle stream, and the purge stream for a methanol production rate of 155 kmol CH3OH/h. (a) Choose a basis of calculation of 100 mol of the feed to the reactor (a convenient basis since you know the composition of this stream), and draw and label a flowchart. (b) Perform a degree-of-freedom analysis for the system. As a suggested sequence, determine the difference between the number of equations and number of variables for each of the following: overall system, recycle-fresh feed mixing point, reactor, condenser, and recycle-purge splitting point. Verify that there are zero degrees of freedom for the entire process and identify an efficient procedure for carrying out the calculations (including scaling up the calculated process variables to the desired methanol production rate). € 3
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