Case study 1 Melanoma A 50-year-old woman presented one year ago with a skin lesion, a biopsy was taken. and histological examination showed malignant melanoma. The patient had surgery to remove the lesion and appeared to be clear of the disease. The patient did not have targeted therapy at this stage. On year after surgery, she developed metastasis in the liver. Tumour biopsy confirmed melanoma and next generation sequencing analysis of the cancer genome was carried out. The results of the genomic analysis are included in the table below. The list of genomic variants produced using next generation sequencing. Chromosome Gene Function Zygosity ID COSV56056643 7934 COSV61684056 18921 COSV52662617 17p13 COSV104574314 16p13 BRAF SMAD4 TP53 AXIN1 Base change c.1799T>A missense Heterozygous missense Heterozygous c.1082G>A missense Heterozygous c.535C>T missense Heterozygous c.948G>A Amino acid change 1. Introduce the topic focusing on the molecular background of melanoma 2 p.V600E p.R361H p.H179Y p.G650S TASK You are required to analyse and interpret the genomic data linked to the case study and critically discuss how the genomic analysis would help in patient diagnosis and therapeutic management.

uestion 1 Match the meanings with their correct terms.   low levels of blood sugar   treatment of the mind   study of tumors   excision of the stomach   pertaining to producing cancer   abnormal condition (slight increase) of white blood cells   brain disease   abnormal condition of the skin   cancerous condition of white blood cells   pertaining to produced by treatment A. dermatosis B. hypoglycemia C. leukocytosis D. iatrogenic E. encephalopathy F. oncology G. gastric resection H. psychiatry I. leukemia J. carcinogenic

Match the potential therapeutic to the primary stage of prostate cancer the drug would target Anticoagulant Answer 1 Drug inhibiting production of osteoblasts Answer 2 HIFalpha inhibitor Answer 3 Protease inhibitor Answer 4

Give typed explanation Case Study A 25-year-old male patient reports “itching all over my body” and is seeking treatment for the condition. Upon assessment, the nurse notes reddened areas on the patient’s arms, chest, and upper legs. The patient reports that this reddening is from scratching for the last 3 days. The patient reports intense itching around the undergarments as well. There is no apparent evidence of breaks in the skin, welts, pustules, or insect bites on the patient’s skin. The area around the patient’s undergarments appears chaffed, but no raised areas, open areas, or drainage are noted. The patient scratches around the undergarments but over the clothing, which has protected the skin from scratch marks. The patient’s back also appears chaffed. The patient reports a history of environmental allergies with nasal symptoms due to pollens and pet dander. The patient reports no recent change in prescribed medications, no use of supplements, and no use of new lotions or…

Explain the mechanism of these in cancer treatment, all details needed. no details no rate.

According to the American Cancer Society, colon cancer screening should begin at age 50 for people at average risk. Imagine you have a family history of colon cancer. From your research, with reasons which procedures would your physician order for you and at what age ?

Case Study #6: A 20 year old male college student develops a fever after gall bladder surgery and has a pus exudate around the incision. You receive a cotton swab of the exudate which you streak on a blood agar plate. Bacterial colonies on the plate show B hemolysis, and microscopic examination reveals Gram + cocci occurring singly, in pairs, and in short chains. Further testing reveals that the isolate is catalase negative and phenol red fermentation broth with mannitol turns yellow. 1. What is the name of the most likely bacterium causing this infection? 2. What is the most likely place that this bacterium originated to cause this infection?

My follow up question is Are the genes mention previously important to adencarcinoma tumours in colorectal cancer in humans which is MSH1 MSH2.