Case: Despite 2015 Paris agreement, global carbon emissions increased 1.7 percent in 2017 and a further 2.7 percent in 2018; it has been estimated that the rate of increase in 2019 will be among the highest on record. The last four years have been the hottest on record, with 2019 on track to make it five. But analyses suggest that fast action now can reduce carbon emissions within 12 years and hold global increases below 2 degrees C and perhaps 1.5. Even though carbon emissions in The Gambia, Morocco and India are expected to rise, they’ll fall short of exceeding the 1.5-degree Celsius limit. But some countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Russia, and United States, are not trying hard enough. a. Explain the inefficiency in this case! Use graphics b. Why can't this problem be solved through market mechanisms as in private goods? c. Give possible public (global) solutions and private (global) solutions to this and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each

Case: Despite 2015 Paris agreement, global carbon emissions increased 1.7 percent in 2017 and a further 2.7 percent in 2018; it has been estimated that the rate of increase in 2019 will be among the highest on record. The last four years have been the hottest on record, with 2019 on track to make it five. But analyses suggest that fast action now can reduce carbon emissions within 12 years and hold global increases below 2 degrees C and perhaps 1.5. Even though carbon emissions in The Gambia, Morocco and India are expected to rise, they’ll fall short of exceeding the 1.5-degree Celsius limit. But some countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Russia, and United States, are not trying hard enough.

a. Explain the inefficiency in this case! Use graphics

b. Why can't this problem be solved through market mechanisms as in private goods?

c. Give possible public (global) solutions and private (global) solutions to this and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each.