Calculate the membrane potential caused by the different concentrations of an ionic element on either side of the membrane. Assume all ions are singly charged (z = 1). The concentration outside is 11 and that inside is 150 Give your answer in milliVolts (mV). Make sure you include the sign. The temperature T is 300k. You will need to look up the values of Boltmann's constant kB and the charge on the electron.

The electrostatic potential at a distance of 5nm away from a charged, flat surface was found to be - 10mV in an aqueous 0.1 mM NaCl solution. Estimate the electrostatic potential at the surface. What are the concentrations of each ion at this distance away from the surface? Estimate the osmotic pressure at this plane.

Calculate the activity coefficient, y, of Co2+ when the ionic strength of the solution, μ, is 0.089 M by linear interpolation of the data in the table. Y Co²+ = Calculate the activity coefficient, y, of Co2+ when the ionic strength of the solution, μ, is 0.089 M by using the extended Debye-Hückel equation at 25 °C, where the ion size is 600 pm. Y Co²+ = Ionic strength (μ, M) 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.1 Activity coefficient (Y Co²+) 0.870 0.749 0.675 0.485 0.405

Calculate the concentration inside a membrane where the concentration outside is C₁ =3 moles 7 the temperature is T = 284 K and the voltage across the membrane is AV = 0.0640 Volts. Remember, the Boltzmann probability factor: m3 ΔΕ Ze BT, Boltzmann's constant is kB 1.38 x 10-23, and the J 10-19 C. Express your answer in charge on a proton ise = +1.6 x moles m³ = 1 [note that 1000 moles m³ 1 mole Liter ;]