Calculate and evaluate Cohen’s d and r2. What decision can you make and what does it indicate? What type of error could you be making and what would that mean?
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Calculate and evaluate Cohen’s d and r2.
What decision can you make and what does it indicate?
What type of error could you be making and what would that mean?
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- Hoaglin, Mosteller, and Tukey (1983) presented data on blood levels of beta-endorphin as a function of stress. They took beta-endorphin levels for 19 patients 12 hours before surgery and again 10 minutes before surgery. The data are presented below, in fmol/ml Based on these data, what effect does increased stressed have on endorphin levels. What type of test is this? Participant 12 hours before 10 minutes before 1 10 6.5 2 6.5 14.0 3 8.0 13.5 4 12 18 5 5.0 14.5 6 11.5 9.0 7 5.0 18.0 8 3.5…The effectiveness of surgery for weight loss reported here found that "The surgery was associated with significantly greater weight loss [than the control group who dieted] through 2 years (61.3 versus 11.2 pounds, P<0.001)." What test could have been used and how would it have been computed?The relationship between the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV) is likely to be mediated by a third variable (MV). With regard to the statement above, which of the following is most likely to be correct? A IV = Students’ performance (i.e., marks) in the formative assessment; DV = Students’ performance (i.e., marks) in the summative assessment, and MV = Students’ level of comfort with the venue of the assessments B IV = Students’ performance (i.e., marks) in the summative assessment; DV = Students’ performance (i.e., marks) in the formative assessment, and MV = Students’ level of preparation for the assessments. C IV = Students’ performance (i.e., marks) in the formative assessment; DV = Students’ performance (i.e., marks) in the summative assessment, and MV = Students’ level of preparation for the assessments D IV = Students’ performance (i.e., marks) in the summative assessment; DV = Students’ performance (i.e., marks) in the formative assessment,…
- Welsch, Davis, Burke, and Williams (2002) conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on sports performance and endurance. Experienced athletes were given either a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink or a placebo while they were tested on a series of high-intensity exercises. One measure was how much time it took for the athletes to run to fatigue. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table: 8.3 Time to run to fatigue (in minutes) Group Mean SE (standard error) Placebo 21.7 2.2 Carbohydrate-electrolyte 28.6 2.7 Construct a bar graph that incorporates all of the information in the table. Looking at your graph, do you think that the carbohydrate-electrolyte drink helps performance? а. b.A study assessed the lung destructive index among smokers and non- smokers provided the following data Smokers : overline x 1 =14.5 n 1 =12 S P =2.50 Non- Smokers: overline x 2 =9.5 n 2 =10 a = .05 From the available data, can we conclude that smokers have greater lung damage than non-smokers?The dose-response effect is best described as When the value of the response variable changes in a meaningful way with the dosage of the suspected cause when similar studies produce similar results when all other possible causes are ruled out when the suspected precedes the response variable
- Androstenedione (andro) is a steroid that is thought by some athletes to increase strength. Researchers investigated this claim by collecting a random sample of men and randomly assigning half to receive andro and the other half to receive a placebo. One of the variables measured in the study was the increase in "lat pull down" strength (in pounds) of each subject after 4 weeks. (A lat pull down is a type of weightlifting exercise.) Suppose the researchers wanted to conduct a hypothesis test to compare the increase in lat pull down strength between the two groups at a 0.10 significance level using a directional alternative (that andro increases lat pull down strength more than placebo). Which test(s) could be used? (Select all that apply.) OA. Paired Sample t Test OB. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test OC. Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test OD. Binomial Test for p DE. Two Sample t Test OF. Sign TestFoot ulcers are a common problem for people with diabetes. Higher skin temperatures on the foot indicate an increased risk of ulcers. The article "An Intelligent Insole for Diabetic Patients with the Loss of Protective Sensation" (Kimberly Anderson, M.S. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines), reports measurements of temperatures, in °F, of both feet for 181 diabetic patients. The results are presented in the following table. Left Foot Right Foot 80 80 85 85 75 80 88 86 89 87 87 82 78 78 88 89 89 90 76 81 89 86 87 82 78 78 80 81 87 82 86 85 76 80 88 89 Construct a scatterplot of the right foot temperature (y) versus the left foot temperature (x). Verify that a linear model is appropriate. b. Compute the least-squares line for predicting the right foot temperature from the left foot temperature. If the left foot temperatures of two patients differ by 2 degrees, by how much would you predict their right foot temperatures to differ? Predict the right foot temperature for a patient whose left…Are seatbelts effective at saving lives? We wish to examine whether or not the use of seatbelts reduces fatalities at the a = 0.01 level of significance. Let pN represent the proportion of non-seatbelt wearing passengers who were involved in a crash and died and py represent the proportion of seatbelt wearing passengers who were involved in a crash and died. NOTE: The data used in this study were obtained through observational study...no experiment was conducted! Which would be correct hypotheses for this test? O Ho:PN = pY, H1:PN > pY Ho: PN = pY, H,:PN Py In a random sample of 321 non-seatbelt wearing passengers involved in a car crash, 30 were killed. In a random sample of 492 seatbelt wearing passengers involved in a car crash, 13 were killed. Find the test statistic (2 decimal places): Give the P-value (4 decimal places - if less than 0.001 answer 0): Which is the correct result: Reject the Null Hypothesis O Do not Reject the Null Hypothesis Which would be the appropriate…
- A pharmaceutical company wants to test whether their the incidence of side effects (i.e. adverse events) differs between the treatment and placebo groups at the a = 0.05. Let pı = the proportion of subjects in the treatment groups who experienced at least one adverse event and let p2 = the proportion of subjects in the placebo group who experience at least one adverse event. 8 out of 30 people in the treatment group experienced at least one adverse event and 5 out of 30 people in the placebo group experienced at least one adverse event. (a) Set up the null and alternative hypothesis (using mathematical notation/numbers AND interpret them in context of the problem) (b) Calculate the test statistic (c) Calculate the critical value (d) Draw a picture of the distribution of the test statistic under Ho. Label and provide values for the critical value and the test statistic, and shade the critical region. (e) Make and justify a statistical decision at the a = 0.05 level and state your…J 2 RCT was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of drug simvastatin compared to placebo in reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease. Subjects were followed up on average 5.4 years. Over the duration of the follow-up, 63 subjects died due to heart attack among 2,223 subjects in the placebo group compared to 30 deaths among 2,221 patients in the simvastatin drug group. 1. What is the Relative Risk or death from the heart attack in the simvastatin group?An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of decreases in frontalis muscle tension on headaches. The number of headaches experienced in a 2-week baseline period was recorded in 9 subjects who had been experiencing tension headaches. Then the subjects were trained to lower frontalis muscle tension using biofeedback, after which the number of headaches in another 2-week period was again recorded. The data are shown below. No. of Headaches Subject No Baseline After Training 1 17 3 2 13 7 3 6 2 4 5 3 5 5 6 6 10 2 7 8 1 8 6 0 9 7 2 Assume the t-test cannot be used because of an extreme violation of its normality assumption. Use the Wilcoxon signed ranks test to analyze the data. What do you conclude, using α = 0.05 2tail?