Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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**Gene Expression and Transcription of DNA into mRNA**

In the process of gene expression, DNA instructions are converted into functional products. The following exercise illustrates the transcription of a DNA sequence into mRNA.

**DNA Sequence to be Transcribed:**

- A
- G
- T
- A
- C
- T
- G

**Instructions:**

For each DNA nucleotide, select the corresponding mRNA nucleotide from the dropdown menu. The options include:

- U (Uracil)
- T (Thymine)
- A (Adenine)
- G (Guanine)
- C (Cytosine)

**Notes:**

- DNA nucleotide 'A' pairs with mRNA nucleotide 'U'.
- DNA nucleotide 'T' pairs with mRNA nucleotide 'A'.
- DNA nucleotide 'G' pairs with mRNA nucleotide 'C'.
- DNA nucleotide 'C' pairs with mRNA nucleotide 'G'.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Gene Expression and Transcription of DNA into mRNA** In the process of gene expression, DNA instructions are converted into functional products. The following exercise illustrates the transcription of a DNA sequence into mRNA. **DNA Sequence to be Transcribed:** - A - G - T - A - C - T - G **Instructions:** For each DNA nucleotide, select the corresponding mRNA nucleotide from the dropdown menu. The options include: - U (Uracil) - T (Thymine) - A (Adenine) - G (Guanine) - C (Cytosine) **Notes:** - DNA nucleotide 'A' pairs with mRNA nucleotide 'U'. - DNA nucleotide 'T' pairs with mRNA nucleotide 'A'. - DNA nucleotide 'G' pairs with mRNA nucleotide 'C'. - DNA nucleotide 'C' pairs with mRNA nucleotide 'G'.
c. In transcription, the information in the DNA of every cell is converted into small, portable RNA messages. During translation, these messages travel from where the DNA is in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes where they are ‘read’ to make specific proteins. Select the correct amino acids according to the mRNA from part b.

- amino acid 1 - [ Select ]
- amino acid 2 - 
- amino acid 3 - 

**Dropdown options:**
- Asn
- Ser
- Leu
- His
- Val

**Codon Chart Explanation:**

The chart is a codon table used to translate mRNA sequences into amino acids. It is organized in a grid:

1. **Columns labeled U, C, A, G** (representing the first nucleotide of the codon).
2. **Rows labeled U, C, A, G** (representing the second nucleotide).
3. **Individual boxes** contain combinations of three-letter codons and corresponding amino acids.

For example:
- AUG codes for Met (Methionine).
- UAA, UAG, and UGA are stop codons. 

The chart allows one to determine the amino acid coded by any triplet mRNA sequence.
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Transcribed Image Text:c. In transcription, the information in the DNA of every cell is converted into small, portable RNA messages. During translation, these messages travel from where the DNA is in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes where they are ‘read’ to make specific proteins. Select the correct amino acids according to the mRNA from part b. - amino acid 1 - [ Select ] - amino acid 2 - - amino acid 3 - **Dropdown options:** - Asn - Ser - Leu - His - Val **Codon Chart Explanation:** The chart is a codon table used to translate mRNA sequences into amino acids. It is organized in a grid: 1. **Columns labeled U, C, A, G** (representing the first nucleotide of the codon). 2. **Rows labeled U, C, A, G** (representing the second nucleotide). 3. **Individual boxes** contain combinations of three-letter codons and corresponding amino acids. For example: - AUG codes for Met (Methionine). - UAA, UAG, and UGA are stop codons. The chart allows one to determine the amino acid coded by any triplet mRNA sequence.
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