(c) The structures of lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol are shown below. Lycopene Beta-carotene H,C CH CH CH OH Retinol (vitamin A) CH3 Using appropriate reaction mechanisms: (i) Show how lycopene is converted into beta-carotene. (ii) Briefly explain how retinol is formed from beta-carotene.

(c) The structures of lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol are shown below. Lycopene Beta-carotene H,C CH CH CH OH Retinol (vitamin A) CH3 Using appropriate reaction mechanisms: (i) Show how lycopene is converted into beta-carotene. (ii) Briefly explain how retinol is formed from beta-carotene.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Beginning with acetylene and any alkyl halide needed, how would you syn- thesize the following…

Q: The reaction of p-cresol with CH2=O resembles the reaction of phenol (PhOH) with CH2=O, except that…

A: Although the mentioned above reactions are similar but the properties of the end products are very…

Q: Synthesize the following from benzene, alcohols with four or fewer carbons, CO, and or CO₂: H O

Q: H₂C OH OH H+ CH3 Esters can be synthesized by an acid-catalyzed nucleophilic acyl substitution…

A: Here a step of mechanism of Fischer esterification reaction is given , we have to give arrows in…

Q: 2. What is the proper name for this compound? O₂N. Br (A) 4-bromo-3-nitrophenyl (B)…

A: In this question, we have to name the given compound.

Q: Organometallic reagents such as sodium acetylide undergo an addition reaction with ketones, giving…

A: Given reaction is :

Q: In which of the following alcohol solvents do you think NaCl would be the most soluble? CH;OH…

A: A homogeneous mixture formed between two components is called a solution. This happens when both,…

Q: PQ-27. What is the product of this reaction? (A) 0 OH a (B) (D) H₂ Pt

A: In organic chemistry, alkynes may be reduced completely into their corresponding alkanes using H2 in…

Q: How will you convert the following: (i) acetone to chloroform (ii) acetylene to acetic acid (iii)…

A: How will you convert the following: (i) acetone to chloroform (ii) acetylene to acetic acid (iii)…

Q: Alkyl halides may be synthesized by reacting an alcohol with an acid (HX). Write the mechanism…

Q: 4 a) Dehydration of 3-methyl-2-butanol with concentrated sulphuric acid and heated yields a mixture…

A: The details solution for this reaction is provided below in attach image.

Q: Organometallic reagents such as sodium acetylide undergo an addition reaction with ketones, giving…

Q: H₂C H₂C ممل CH3 CH3 Aldehydes and ketones react reversibly with two equivalents of alcohol in the…

A: The objective of the question is to predict the suitable mechanism for the given reaction.Ketal…

Q: (a) Alkene + Reagent CH3-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 Br Br (b) Alkene + Reagent

A: Alkenes contain double bonds which makes them a good nucleophile due to the presence of the high…

Q: Neopentyl alcohol, (CH3)3CCH2OH, reacts with concentrated HBr to give 2-bromo2-methylbutane, a…

A: This question is based on the stability of carbocation as tertiary carbocation is more stable than…

Q: Which of these compounds is expected to be optically active at room temperature? COOH H OH CH CH,…

Q: Heating compound X with aqueous formaldehyde forms Y (C17H23NO),which has been converted to a…

Q: How are the following conversions carried out?(i) Propene → 4 Propan-2-ol(ii) Ethylmagnesium…

A: (i) Propene → Propan-2-ol Alkenes are converted to alcohols by hydration. The product is…

Q: Q8 (a) When compound X is treated with ozone, then by DMS and water, the following products are…

A: Ozonolysis is an oxidation process. Both alkenes and alkynes undergo ozonolysis reactions in the…

Q: ganie formed when 2,3-butanedione reacts with the following reagents. - CH3 CH; — С—С- СH, ||…

A: In this question, we want to draw the structure of the products. You can see the structure of each…

Q: At what position and on what ring would you expect the following substances to undergo electrophilic…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Draw the structural formula for the major product from each of the following reactions:

A: Full detailed solution of your question is given below -

Q: -23 Predict the product(s) and provide the below. NaOH -CEN ? (a) H20 (b) N=C- NaOH H20

A: Since you have asked a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for…

Q: Compound A, C 10H 18O, undergoes reaction with dilute H 2SO 4 at 50 °C to yield a mixture of two…

A: The organic compound can be nucleophilic (rich in electron density), or electrophilic…

Q: Using acetonitrile (CH3CN) and CO2 as your only sources of carbon atoms, identify how you could…

A: Using acetonitrile (CH3CN) and CO2 as your only sources of carbon atoms, identify how you could…

Q: Draw the structure of the product expected in the following Sonogashira reactions:

A: Note: As per the Q&A guidelines, I am answering only the first three subparts of a question. So…

Q: Several diamines are building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agro- chemicals. Show…

Q: 4. A student was asked to prepare an alkene X in high yield using any alcohol as starting material…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Give the chemical name of the products A and B in the following sequence of reactions: CH;CH,OH…

A: Given is organic reaction.

Q: 13:58 ll 4G 5 © T Ô 2. What is the correct IUPAC name for the following compound? CH3 H2N" ČH3…

A: Here we have to write correct IUPAC name of above given compound-

Q: Determine a possible structure for an alkene, X, formula C9H14, on the basis of the following…

A: Reaction involved ( given) are :- 1. Catalytic hydrogenation :- Alkene get converted to alkane due…

Q: NaH HO HO PBR3 B A (a) Name the functional groups in compounds A and B, including, if relevant,…

Q: NaNH2 CH;CH,Br 1) О, cEC-H 2) Н.О (А) (В) TH. (С) (D) OH

A: The steps involved in this reaction sequences are 1. abstraction of proton from alkyne 2.…

Q: The following ethers can, in principle, be synthesized by two different combinations of haloalkane…

A: The ethers can be synthesized into two different combinations of halo alkane or halo cycloalkane and…

Q: Select the major product when 2-methylpropene is added to Br₂ in H₂O. Br OH Br X (A) Br (B) OH (C)…

Q: 1' CH,ONa H2C, =CH' 2' H® -CH3

A: The given reaction is a Michael Addition.

Q: In this chapter, we studied the mechanism of the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene. The reverse…

A: In organic chemistry, The interconversion of the functional groups play an important role. The…

Concept explainers

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic organic compound or aromatic system is an important class of hydrocarbons under the branch of organic chemistry. Aromatic compounds are also called arenas. The definition of aromatic organic compounds can be stated as a class of organic compounds with a planar cyclic ring of atoms bonded through alternated single and double bonds. Due to these alternating bonds, a peculiar feature termed as ‘resonance’, that is, delocalization of pi electrons or the electrons is shared within the atoms of the ring which are present in the aromatic compounds. The word ‘aromatic’ includes a Greek word ‘aroma’ which means smell, indicating that they were named as such due to the sweet odor they produce. Many well-known flavors such as vanilla, cinnamon, and few scents from flowers are extracted from aromatic compounds. Benzene with chemical formula C6H6 is a very common aromatic compound that contains six atoms of carbon held in the cyclic ring of alternate double bonds. It is also to be noted that not all aromatic compounds contain benzene ring. This can be explained by Huckel’s rule.

Question

(c) The structures of lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol are shown below.
Lycopene
Beta-carotene
H3C CH;
CH3
CH3
OH
Retinol (vitamin A)
CH3
Using appropriate reaction mechanisms:
(i)
Show how lycopene is converted into beta-carotene.
(ii)
Briefly explain how retinol is formed from beta-carotene.

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step by step

Solved in 4 steps with 4 images

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

Propose a synthesis for the systemic agricultural fungicide tridemorph from dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), propene, and a one-carbon building block. How many stereoisomers are possible for tridemorph? CH3 →CH3(CH2)10COOH + CH3CH=CH, H3C (CH2) 12CH3 Tridemorph Dodecanoic acid Propene (Lauric acid)
Chemistry v Q8 Ketones can be obtained in one step by the Oxidation of primary alcohols Hydrolysis of esters Oxidation of secondary alcohols Reduction of acid chlorides Chemistry
Give the major organic product(s) for the following reaction
6, Which one of the following alcohols can not be made by unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN,) of an alkyl halide with H2O? benzyl alcohol Ph:COH cydohexanol (CH32CHOH 1-propanol A В C E
(b) Cortisone OH H2C CH -HO- H3C Oalcohol O carbon-carbon double bond Oester Oaldehyde Ocarbon-carbon triple bond Oether O amide Ocarboxylate anion Oketone Oamine O carboxylic acid O thiol (c) Prostaglandin PGE2 COOH Но OH Oalcohol O carbon-carbon double bond Oester Oaldehyde Ocarbon-carbon triple bond Oether Oketone O amide O carboxylate anion Oamine Ocarboxylic acid O thiol
How do you convert:(i) Chlorobenzene to biphenyl(ii) Propene to 1-iodopropane(iii) 2-bromobutane to but-2-ene
meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) is not the only peroxy acid capable of reacting with alkenes to form epoxides. For the reaction below: H3C H3C + CH3CO3H a Draw the structure of the major organic product derived from the alkene.
Organometallic reagents such as sodium acetylide undergo an addition reaction with ketones, giving alcohols: он 1. Na+ -:CCH 2. H30* C-C=CH How might you use this reaction to prepare 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene?
● ● ● ● (A) Cl₂ CH₂=CHCH3 heat Propene OH HOCH₂CHCH₂OH 1,2,3-Propanetriol (glycerol, glycerin) Provide structures for all intermediate compounds (A-D) and describe the type of mechanism by which each is formed. (B) 2A (C₂H₂C1) CI a C (C₂H₂C1O₂) *85 H H₂C=C All hydrogen atoms are implied. Apply formal charges where appropriate. Omit lone pairs and radical electrons from your answer. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. C-Cl H₂ NaOH, H₂O internal displacement Lindlar reduction SN1-substitution SN2-substitution acid-catalyzed hydrolysis addition-elimination allylic halogenation halohydrination vinylic halogenation H H₂C=C Ca(OH)2 D (C3H6O₂) heat → B (C₂H₂O) 00 OU Cl₂, H₂O در H₂O, HCI 2 ster n ? ChemDoodle [Refere ?
Propose an interpretation of the following result: the hydrolysis of allyl chloride (which involves a carbocation intermediate resulting from the loss of a chloride) labeled with 13C, 13CH2=CH-CH2-CI leads to a mixture of two alcohols 13CH2=CH-CH2-OH and CH2=CH-1³CH2-OH.
6