
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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Transcribed Image Text:### Seismic Study Exercises
**Exercise Overview:**
These exercises are designed to enhance understanding of seismic waves and the structure of Earth's interior. They involve sketching and interpreting cross-sections of Earth's layers and travel time curves for seismic phases.
#### a) Earth's Lithosphere Cross-Section
- **Task:** Sketch a cross-section of Earth's lithosphere.
- **Features to Include:**
- **Crust:** The outermost layer of the Earth.
- **Moho (Mohorovičić Discontinuity):** Boundary between the crust and the upper mantle.
- **Upper Mantle:** The part of the mantle that lies just below the Moho.
- **Seismic Rays to Depict:**
- **Sg:** A type of seismic wave traveling through the lithosphere.
- **PmP:** Reflected wave from the Moho.
- **SmS:** Reflected shear-wave at the Moho.
- **Pn:** Refracted wave through the upper mantle.
#### b) Travel Time Curve for the Crust
- **Task:** Sketch a travel time curve, \( T(X) \), for seismic waves in the crust.
- **Key Elements:**
- **Label the Phases:**
- **Pg:** A wave traveling just below the Earth's surface.
- **PmP:** A phase reflected off the Moho.
- **Pn:** A phase that travels through the upper mantle.
- **Crossover Point:** Identify when the \( Pn \) wave becomes the first seismic wave to arrive at a recording station.
#### c) Whole Earth Cross-Section
- **Task:** Sketch a cross-section of the entire Earth.
- **Features to Include:**
- **Inner Core:** The solid innermost layer of the Earth.
- **Outer Core:** The liquid layer surrounding the inner core.
- **Mantle:** The thick layer between Earth's crust and outer core.
- **Seismic Rays to Illustrate:**
- **SP, sP:** Seismic phases that reflect off surface layers.
- **PcS, Pdiff:** Waves traversing different core and mantle paths.
- **PKJKP, SKiKP:** Waves involving the inner core and complex paths.
These sketches and analyses provide valuable insights into seismic wave behavior and the Earth's internal structure.
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