Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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### Seismic Study Exercises **Exercise Overview:** These exercises are designed to enhance understanding of seismic waves and the structure of Earth's interior. They involve sketching and interpreting cross-sections of Earth's layers and travel time curves for seismic phases. #### a) Earth's Lithosphere Cross-Section - **Task:** Sketch a cross-section of Earth's lithosphere. - **Features to Include:** - **Crust:** The outermost layer of the Earth. - **Moho (Mohorovičić Discontinuity):** Boundary between the crust and the upper mantle. - **Upper Mantle:** The part of the mantle that lies just below the Moho. - **Seismic Rays to Depict:** - **Sg:** A type of seismic wave traveling through the lithosphere. - **PmP:** Reflected wave from the Moho. - **SmS:** Reflected shear-wave at the Moho. - **Pn:** Refracted wave through the upper mantle. #### b) Travel Time Curve for the Crust - **Task:** Sketch a travel time curve, \( T(X) \), for seismic waves in the crust. - **Key Elements:** - **Label the Phases:** - **Pg:** A wave traveling just below the Earth's surface. - **PmP:** A phase reflected off the Moho. - **Pn:** A phase that travels through the upper mantle. - **Crossover Point:** Identify when the \( Pn \) wave becomes the first seismic wave to arrive at a recording station. #### c) Whole Earth Cross-Section - **Task:** Sketch a cross-section of the entire Earth. - **Features to Include:** - **Inner Core:** The solid innermost layer of the Earth. - **Outer Core:** The liquid layer surrounding the inner core. - **Mantle:** The thick layer between Earth's crust and outer core. - **Seismic Rays to Illustrate:** - **SP, sP:** Seismic phases that reflect off surface layers. - **PcS, Pdiff:** Waves traversing different core and mantle paths. - **PKJKP, SKiKP:** Waves involving the inner core and complex paths. These sketches and analyses provide valuable insights into seismic wave behavior and the Earth's internal structure.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Seismic Study Exercises **Exercise Overview:** These exercises are designed to enhance understanding of seismic waves and the structure of Earth's interior. They involve sketching and interpreting cross-sections of Earth's layers and travel time curves for seismic phases. #### a) Earth's Lithosphere Cross-Section - **Task:** Sketch a cross-section of Earth's lithosphere. - **Features to Include:** - **Crust:** The outermost layer of the Earth. - **Moho (Mohorovičić Discontinuity):** Boundary between the crust and the upper mantle. - **Upper Mantle:** The part of the mantle that lies just below the Moho. - **Seismic Rays to Depict:** - **Sg:** A type of seismic wave traveling through the lithosphere. - **PmP:** Reflected wave from the Moho. - **SmS:** Reflected shear-wave at the Moho. - **Pn:** Refracted wave through the upper mantle. #### b) Travel Time Curve for the Crust - **Task:** Sketch a travel time curve, \( T(X) \), for seismic waves in the crust. - **Key Elements:** - **Label the Phases:** - **Pg:** A wave traveling just below the Earth's surface. - **PmP:** A phase reflected off the Moho. - **Pn:** A phase that travels through the upper mantle. - **Crossover Point:** Identify when the \( Pn \) wave becomes the first seismic wave to arrive at a recording station. #### c) Whole Earth Cross-Section - **Task:** Sketch a cross-section of the entire Earth. - **Features to Include:** - **Inner Core:** The solid innermost layer of the Earth. - **Outer Core:** The liquid layer surrounding the inner core. - **Mantle:** The thick layer between Earth's crust and outer core. - **Seismic Rays to Illustrate:** - **SP, sP:** Seismic phases that reflect off surface layers. - **PcS, Pdiff:** Waves traversing different core and mantle paths. - **PKJKP, SKiKP:** Waves involving the inner core and complex paths. These sketches and analyses provide valuable insights into seismic wave behavior and the Earth's internal structure.
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