c) Kushai Ltd. is a leading automobile company in which the various departments are setting up their own objectives without paying any interest to the organizational objectives. i. Describe what aspect of management the company is lacking and what will be its impact on the organization? ii. Identify TWO (2) values that are neglected by members of this organization.

1. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING. • What three key thinkers and basic contributions of the history of management ideas, from the early days to the present. How these ideas have shaped the way businesses are managed today and why understanding management thought is essential for effective leadership?  • How management environment external factors (technology) impact organizations and how managers can adapt to ensure success. What is the examples of the influence of the management environment on businesses? • What is the importance of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. How these work together for effective leadership and organizational success? • What is the organizational culture in simple words. How it shapes employee behavior and contributes to a company's success.

True or False. “Organizational capability” and “organizational competence” refer to two concepts which, although related, are different.

5. Explain organizational effectiveness. What are its criteria?

2. (a) A recent study found that small and family firms were more centralised in terms of their decision-making structures. The study also found that larger and more diverse firms had both more decentralised and delegated decision-making structures. Use the models and intuition taught in the unit to explain these results. (b) "High-powered incentives are typically associated with a broad-task allocation." Using the materials studied in the unit, analyse this statement.

Mangement  Effective management is crucial for the success of any organization, as it involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve the organization's goals. How can organizations improve their management practices to ensure long-term success?