(c) Give the four quantum numbers for the valence electron in aluminium and explain the significance of each.

(a) What are the common oxidation states of the halogens?(b) Give an explanation based on electron configuration for the range and values of the oxidation states of chlorine.(c) Why is fluorine an exception to the pattern of oxidation states found for the other group members?

Use the data from Appendix F to graph the variation ofatomic radius with atomic number for the rare-earth elements from lanthanum to lutetium.(a) What is the general trend in these radii? How do you     account for it?(b) Which two elements in the series present exceptions to      the trend?

(a) Why is ZnO called a amphoteric oxide? Name another amphoteric oxide(b) What are alkali’s? Give one example of alkali

Which of the following has the smallest ionic radius? (A) p3- (B) K1+ (C) Sc3+ (D) Ar 7.

The alkali metals play virtually the same general chemical role in all their reactions. (a) What is this role? (b) How is it based on atomic properties? (c) Using sodium, write two bal-anced equations that illustrate this role.

30.) Give the symbol of the element with the largest ionization energy from group 4A (14).

5) (a) Arrange the following substances in the order in which you would expect their boiling points to increase: CCI4, Cl, CINO, N,. Explain your answer. (b) Write the condensed electron configuration of mercury (Hg) and an orbital diagram for the electron configuration of tin (Sn).

When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it forms an oxoacid with the same oxidation number as the nonmetal. Give the name and formula of the oxide used to prepare each of these oxoacids: (a) hypochlorous acid; (b) chlorous acid; (c) chloric acid; (d) perchloric acid; (e) sulfuric acid; (f ) sulfurous acid; (g) nitric acid; (h) nitrous acid; (i) carbonic acid; ( j) phosphoric acid.

Which element in each of the following sets would you expect to have the lowest third ionization energy, IE3? (a) O Na O Al O Mg (b) O Ga ок O Mg (c) O Ca O Sc OK ооо