(c) Figure 4 shows the design of SMART aquaculture system comprises of 4 End-Node Unit (ENU), 1 Gateway Unit (GU) and 1 server. Based on the figure, propose and justify the best price and performance of loT protocol to communicate between ENU and GU, as well as GU to the server. Website interface 11 KM Ind Node Unit (NU) Tank 1 5Ql databased 2 KM End Node Unit (NU) Tank 2 Server R ARIMA forecasting model 3 M Gateway Unit (GU) 1 KM End Node Unit (NU) Tank 3 5 KM End Node Unit (NU) Tank 4 Figure 4: Design of SMART aquaculture System.

We can see that the functionality for data planes and plane power may be widely split into the characteristics for network layers, which is a helpful difference. What are the data plane's main functions? from the control plane's vantage point?

Explain the concept of gateways in the OSI model. How do gateways facilitate communication between networks with different communication protocols?

Describe the CSMA protocol's features.