How renal and hepatic  impairment can be assses?  What are the biomarkers for renal and hepatic impairment?  Please answer at your own words. Answer should be to the point.

Hi, I have the answer for A, but I am not sure for B and C. For: A, I believe B.  B, I think its low colony forming unit count  C, I am not sure about it.

Clinically how hepatic and renal impairment is classified?  Please answer at your own easy words. Answer should be to the point.

CASE SCENARIO ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: J.B., female 36 years old, single, a bus conductor was apparently well, until 4 days prior to admission, when she experienced dizziness and headache while at work. Once parked at the terminal, she asked to be checked in the clinic and BP was recorded at 180/100 mmHg, which was unusual since she usually had a BP of 90/60 mmHg. Clonidine 75 mcg was placed sublingual, which reduced her BP to 150/90 mmHg. She was then advised by the company nurse to go home. 2 days PTA, a co employee noticed that her eyes were puffy and even kidded if she broke off with her boyfriend. She just shrugged off the comment and did her usual chores. Few hours PTA, while preparing for work, she noticed blood in the toilet bowl after urinating, which prompted her to seek consult and eventually admission. Her history is essentially negative for past kidney or urinary problems. She admitted that her eyes seemed a little puffy, but she thought this was due to lack of sleep and…

Match the following. Renal cortex Renal medulla Ascending loop of Henle Afferent Arteriole Glomerulus Efferent Arteriole Descending loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Collecting Duct Bowman's Capsule Proximal Convoluted Tubule Match the following. Cortical radiate atery Arcuate artery Interlobar artery Vasa recta Renal papilla Efferent arteriole Renal Cortex Afferent Arteriole Renal medulla Glomerulus Renal Capsule Peritubular capillary

In this case, a 72-year-old man with a medical history that includes hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease with stent implantation, and congestive heart failure is hospitalized for dyspnea while at rest. Despite salt restriction and diuretics, he continued to have swelling in his legs for four weeks. His L ejection fraction (EF) is 40 percent, which is excellent. Humalog (75/25) 20 units QD, furosemide 40 mg BID, metolazone 2.5 mg QD, spironolactone 12.5 mg QD, carvedilol 12.5 mg BID, ramipril 10 mg QD, atorvastatin 40 mg QD, clopidogrel 75 mg QD, and aspirin 81 mg QD are among the medications prescribed. The patient's blood pressure was 100/60 mmHg, his pulse was 102 beats/min, he had JVD, crackles, an S3, a positive hepatojugular reflex, and pitting edema that reached his knees. Na+ concentrations were 134 mEq/L, K+ concentrations were 3.8 mEq/L, Cl concentrations were 90 mEq/L, HCO3 concentrations were 28 mEq/L, BUN concentrations were 46 mg/dL, creatinine…

A 31-year-old white male patient with known type 1 diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease secondary to diabetic nephropathy, and a history of alcoholism was admitted with acute abdominal pain in the mid-epigastrium, with a blood gas values of pH of 7.48, poz of 121 mm Hg, 02 saturation of 99%, pCO2 of 30 mm Hg, and bicarbonate of 20 mE q/L. What is a possible compensatory mechanism? A. Decreasing H* ion retention B. Increasing bicarbonate retention C. Increasing the respiratory rate D. Decreasing the respiratory rate

Mehmet Yavuz is 62 yo. He presented to the clinic and after having an HbA1c test (result 9%) was diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. His cardiovascular risk was > 15%  http://www.cvdcheck.org.au/ His renal health screen showed an eGFR 90 mL/min/1.73m2 with microalbuminuria of 3.5 mg/mmol.   http://www.kidney.org.au/HealthProfessionals/DetectingCKD/tabid/632/Default.aspx He attended a podiatry appointment which detected decreased dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis pulses in both legs.  Management of his condition now includes the following: Exercise: at least 150 minutes of aerobic and 60 minutes of resistance exercise each week Diet: a plan worked out with an accredited dietician based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines (2013). Drug use: smoking cessation plan to stop cigarette use; alcohol consumption reduction to 1 - 2 full strength beers every second day Weight loss: Mehmet aims to lose 5 kg over the first 6 - 8 weeks after diagnosis Medications: Jardiamet…

Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion 23. The onset of uremia can produce the following signs and symptoms in a patient with chronic kidney disease: a. excessive appetite, increased food intake b. fatty liver, intense itching, cardiomyopathy c. ulceration in oral cavity, calcium in soft tissue d. altered mental status, uremic frost