Briefly describe the main scientific principle(s) underlying the following techniques used in the Combating Disease practical (you may use diagrams if you wish): ammonium sulphate precipitation Dialysis Immunoelectrophoresis
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- Briefly describe the main scientific principle(s) underlying the following techniques used in the Combating Disease practical (you may use diagrams if you wish):
- ammonium sulphate precipitation
- Dialysis
- Immunoelectrophoresis
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Preservatives are added to the following pharmaceutical products EXCEPT Select one: Ophthalmic solutions Injections in eye tissues Non-sterile Ointments Multi-dose sterile productsPrepare an ALGORITHM or FLOWCHART in the identification of the following: (conventional methods only: culture, through a byproduct and/or immune response) Include the specimen of choice for the indication (given disease). Endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecalis Cystitis caused by Escherichia coli Acute/Subacute meningoencephalitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes Dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (detection of toxin)Depending on the purpose, the typhoid fever can be diagnosed in the laboratory by either of the following method, i) Widal, ii. Blood culture and iii. Nucleic acid based identification method. Write a brief essay comparing these three diagnostic tests. Your answer must contain the basis of identification of each test, what does it mean by positive and negative results and which test do you think to be useful for the identification of active patient and which test is/are useful for the screening of previously infected case. Which test is prerequisite to perform the antibiotic susceptibility pattern?
- Discuss the following: Listeria monocytogenes (Listeriosis) Microscopy Identification tests used (at least 1)Match the physical and chemical methods of control with its use, mode of action etc. Purify H₂0 Sterilize catheters, Petri plates, syringes, sutures placed in plastic wraps Sporocidal antiseptic Their mode of action is lowering the surface tension of water Antiseptic that kills anaerobic bacteria It is use to preserve cadavers, tissues and organs Isopropilic is the most germicidal Standard of disinfectants Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... Choose... ◆ ◆ → →Place the descriptions into the correct banners of this infographic to show your understanding of phenotypic diagnostic methods. Study stained specimens under magnification Detect the array of enzymes possessed by the microbe Direct Examination Blochemical Testing Phage typing or growth in animal cells/hosts Does not require cultivation Require cultivation Susceptibility Testing Use specialized media to isolate specimen and complete macroscopic observation Determine what antimicrobials are effective against the microbe Selective/ Differential Growth Miscellaneous
- Item 1. Describe the BEST method of sterilization or treatment to reduce pathogens to safe level for each of these 5 items. 2. Explain why this is the best method and why it is BETTER than other possible methods. (Specific treatments were mentioned in lecture for each item.) Plastic milk containers 1. Preserving low-acid vegetables to kill Clostridium botulinum endospores. 2. Liquids contaminated with prions (list BOTH methods of sterilization discussed in lecture) 3. Skin 4. Media with heat sensitive nutrients 5.Describe characteristics of Streptococcus Agalactiae in the Agar: (How does colonies look like (color) and explain does it grow on that agar. Blood Agar (Aerobic) MacConkey EMB PEA Mannitol Salt Agar Chocolate Agar Nutient AgarThere are 2 main ways of treating tumours - external irradiation by radiotherapy and internal radiopharmaceuticals. Using the points shown below, describe each process and compare and explain the advantages and disadvantages of using radiopharmaceuticals as opposed to external irradiation. An example of a specific condition can be used to illustrate the points. area of treatment required position of tumour ionising range precautions needed after treatment
- Personnel handling cytotoxic agents may be exposed by the following methods EXCEPT: Select one: O a. Ingestion O b. O C. O d. Absorption Intravenously InhalationA patient in ICU with an indwelling medical device is presenting with invasive infection symptoms, specifically fever and chills. They have been on a course of antibiotics that has not alleviated the condition. The doctor’s start the patient on a course of voriconazole - a typical front line antifungal for invasive infections. They also take a blood sample to confirm the infectious agent. Below are what the cultures come back as, as well as what cells taken from this plate look like under the microscope. Left: Results of a blood culture on blood agar plate after incubation at 37°C for 2 days.Right: Cells from the agar plate under the microscope - scale bar = 5 µm. The lab determined that a Candida species was causing this infection. Based on what you know about fungal pathogen morphology, why do you think the lab ruled out Aspergillus or Cryptococcus infection?Answer the following: which antimicrobial would be suitable for the control of the given bacterial cultures? Escherichia coli: MR-Staphylococcus aureus: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: