Black Bear Litters. In the article “Reproductive Ecology and Cub Survival of Florida Black Bears” (Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 71), E. Garrison et al. investigated cub survival rates of the Florida black bear. Through the observation of female Florida black bears and their litters, the following estimate is given for the probability distribution of the number of young per litter for female Florida black bears. Litter size 1 2 3 4 Probability 0.212 0.606 0.152 0.030 a. Explain why the probabilities in the table provide only an estimate of the true probabilities.b. Estimate the probability that a Florida black bear has a litter of either two or three cubs.

A case-control study is conducted to assess the relationship between heavy alcohol use during the first trimester of pregnancy and miscarriage.  Fifty women who suffered miscarriage are enrolled along with 50 who delivered full term.  Each participant’s use of alcohol during pregnancy is ascertained.  Heavy drinking is defined as 4 or more drinks on one occasion.  The data are shown below.     Miscarriage Delivered Full Term Heavy Alcohol Use 14 4 No Heavy Alcohol Use 36 46 a. Compute the odds of miscarriage in women with heavy alcohol use in pregnancy. b. Compute the odds of miscarriage in women with no heavy alcohol use in pregnancy. c. Compute is the odds ratio for miscarriage as a function of heavy alcohol use.

Two different professors teach an introductory statistics course. The table shows the distribution of final grades they reported. We wonder whether one of these professors is an "easier" grader. Answer parts a) and b) below. Prof. Alpha Prof. Betal A 6. 11 B. 6. 14 12 Below C 11 4. 11 C.... a) Find the expected counts for each cell in this table. Prof. Alpha Prof. Beta (Round to two decimal places as needed.) A B Below C b) Test the hypothesis about the two professors, and state an appropriate conclusion. (Assume a significance level of a= 0.05) State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses. Choose the correct answer below. O A. Ho: The grade distributions are different. HA: The grade distribution is the same for both professors. O B. Ho: The grade distribution is the same for both professors. Ha: Professor Beta gives out more C's than Professo Alpha. OC. H: The grade distribution is the same for both professors. HA: Professor Alpha gives out more A's than Professor Beta. OD.…

In a survey of 2500 adults 18 year old and older conducted in 2019 adults 18 years old and older, the following question was asked : Is your family income keeping pace with the cost of living ? The results of the survey follow : Falling Staying Don't Answer Increasing behind even know faster Respondents 900 1020 460 120 Determine the probability distribution associated with these data.