Birth control pills commonly provide excess progesterone that serves to inhibit (suppress) the actions of FSH and LH through a negative feedback loop. Given the role these hormones (FSH and LH) play, how could this feedback loop prevent a woman from becoming pregnant?

Birth control pills are oral contraceptives taken by women to prevent pregnancies. The most effective forms of birth control pills contain estrogen and a small amount of progestin (a synthetic hormone that mimics the effects of progesterone). Although the most effective forms of oral contraceptive for women contain estrogen and progestin, some birth control pills contain a small dose of progestin only. This is because there are many risks and side effects associated with estrogen.Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for using a progestin-only oral contraceptive? Select one: a. Progesterone suppresses the maturation of follicles, thereby preventing ovulation of a mature ovum. b. Progesterone maintains the corpus luteum as corpus luteum releases a large amount of progesterone and some estrogen. c. Progestin-only oral contraceptives prevent the production of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary. d. Progesterone suppresses the production of GnRH in the hypothalamus.

Hypogonadism is a condition where the body does not produce enough testosterone. The symptoms of hypogonadism include infertility and a decrease in secondary sex characteristics. There are two types of hypogonadism. Primary hypogonadism is caused by problems stemming from the testicles, and secondary hypogonadism is caused by problems stemming from the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland. Individuals with hypogonadism are often treated with testosterone replacement therapy. What would be the result of testosterone injections in individuals with hypogonadism? Select one: a. GnRH LH Testosterone Decrease Decrease Increase b. GnRH LH Testosterone Decrease Decrease Decrease c. GnRH LH Testosterone Increase Increase Increase d. GnRH LH Testosterone Increase Increase Decrease

Describe (you may use a diagram if you prefer) the feedback loop that controls ovulation.   What happens to this loop if a woman continuously takes pills that contain estrogen?

During the early stages of family planning, a client asks their nurse how over the counter pregnancy tests work.  The most appropriate explanation is that the pregnancy test detects the presence of _______ in the urine. Question 22 options: a)  Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) b)  Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) c)  Progesterone d)  Luteinizing hormone (LH)

After learning about the reproductive systems, how would advise a couple with following concern: "If we do not want a baby for next two years, how can we calculate the safe sex period?" She shares that her cycle is regular but not standard 28 days long cycle (so the standard explanation form different sources won't work unless you think critically)! At what time of the female cycle is she most likely to prevent fertilization of her ovulated egg? Consider the fact that her cycle is not 28 days but longer or shorter (you pick). Do males have any time (in their cycle- if any) when their gametes would not be able to fertilize the egg? In other words when can intercourse lead to least chance of pregnancy? Feel free to check with your older friends, doctors, nurses, or anyone who you feel comfortable talking about this.

Briefly describe the role of BMP-4 in ovarian follicular development

which hormone stimulates the release of androgen binding proteins from the testes? Testosterone, LH, GnRH, or FSH.

For successful reproduction to occur, various gonadotrophic hormones need to be involved. What hormones are produced and what are their roles in oocyte development, ovulation, fertilization, implantation, and embryonic survival?

Which of the following conditions would cause an insulin-dependent diabetic client the most difficulty during pregnancy? Question 78 options: a)  Placenta previa b)  Rh incompatibility c)  Gestational hypotension d)  Hyperemesis gravidarum