Be sure to answer all parts. Use the data in a table of standard thermodynamic values to determine the Ksp of CaF2- x 10 Substance Ca(s) Ca²+ (aq) CaF2(s) F₂(g) F(aq) (Enter your answer in scientific notation.) Standard Thermodynamic Values at 298 K or Ion AH (kJ/mol) AG (kJ/mol) Sº (J/mol-K) 41.6 -55.2 68.87 202.7 -9.6 0 -542.96 -1215 0 -329.1 0 -553.04 -1162 0 -276.5

Do not give handwriting solution. Calculate the entropy change, ΔS, for the following processes. If needed, Cp(O2)= 29.4 J mol-1 K-1 and Cp(CO2) = 37.1 J mol-1 K-1.(a) The pressure of one mole of O2(g) is increased from P to 2P at 298 K.(b) The temperature of one mole of CO2(g) is increased from 298 K to 355 K at aconstant volume of 20.0 L.

Consider the reaction 2NH3(g) + 3N₂O(g) → 4N₂ (9) + 3H₂O(g) for which AH° = − 879.5 kJ and AS° = 288.1 J/K at 298.15 K. 1. Calculate the entropy change of the UNIVERSE when 2.344 moles of NH3(g) react under standard conditions at 298.15 K. ASuniverse = J/K 2. Is this reaction reactant or product favored under standard conditions? 3. If the reaction is product favored, is it enthalpy favored, entropy favored, or favored by both enthalpy and entropy? If the reaction is reactant favored, choose 'reactant favored'.

Ice cubes at 0°C are poured into a glass that initially contains 150 g of liquid water at 20°C. The contents of the glass are gently stirred. After a short time, some of the ice melts, and the liquid cools to 0°C. No appreciable heat exchange occurs between matter inside the glass with matter outside the glass during this process. (a) Calculate the entropy change of the universe during the process. Use only the following data: the constant pressure heat capacity of liquid water is approximately 4.18 J/(g K) over the temper- ature range of interest. You may further presume that the density of water is constant over the temperature range. (b) If the same process were performed reversibly, how much useful work would be obtained from it? Any required heat exchange to achieve the same final state reversibly should be with matter outside the glass, which are at 20°C.