Based on what you know about the neuromuscular junction and muscle contraction, describe very specifically how Botox injections cause localized muscle weakness/paralysis.

Muscle spindle structures consist of:     Extrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neurons     Extrafusal muscle fibers and alpha motor neurons     Golgi tendon organs and gamma motor neurons     Intrafusal muscle fibers and gamma motor neurons

Describe the contraction of a muscle fiber, starting with what events take place at the neuromuscular junction, explaining how depolarization along the length of the sarcolemma occurs, the role of calcium (where it is released, what it binds to, etc.), and the events that occur after calcium binds to troponin.  Draw a few simple, labelled diagrams of a neuromuscular junction and sarcomere and outline the steps of excitation-contraction coupling, including power stroke, recovery stroke, formation of cross bridges, role of ATP, etc.

When utilizing microprocessor technology for testing muscle strength, you are typically looking at what form of muscle contraction?     Concentric   Isokinetic   Isometric   Eccentric

44.

How is the list below to be properly put in order to describe a muscular contraction? 1. Calcium causes exocytotic release of Acetylcholine into the synaptic gap; all this happens at an area called the neuromuscular junction2. ATP is consumed which allows myosin to "pivot" the myosin head, which pulls actin toward it.3. This process is repeated multiple times and is called the "sliding filament theory".4. Myosin filaments perform "crossbridging".5. Calcium is released and circulated throughout the muscle cell6. The brain predicts the action necessary and decides which muscles and how many "motor units" are needed to perform that action.7. Tropomyosin moves to reveal the active site of the F-Actin strand8. Upon reception of a calcium ion, the Troponin complex becomes activated9. Proteins embedded in the Sarcolemma receive enough of the ACH neurotransmitter to generate an electrical impulse.10. The electrical impulse is perpetuated throughout the muscle fiber.11. A nervouse impulse is…

Smooth muscle has actin/myosin, why is it not striated? (consider what striation can provided)

Define what the NMJ is and why it's important for muscle contraction. Explain in short the process of the NMJ signaling the muscle to contract.  Note the difference between a motor unit and the NMJ.

34) what happens to skeletal muscle if there is no ATP present but plenty of calcium. Be specific relative to the sliding filament theory.

Describe the position where wrist and finger are in full extension.  What sensation will be felt in this position? What explains this sensation that you felt when the wrist and fingers were positioned in extension? *NOTE: Apply any of the following concepts to the explanation as deemed appropriate and connected to the situation above: Mucle Contraction, Concentric Contraction, Isometric Contraction, Eccentric Contraction, Force Velocity Curve, Stretch Reflex, Reciprocal Inhibition, Autogenic Inhibition, Length-Tension Relationship