
A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780134753119
Author: Sheldon Ross
Publisher: PEARSON
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Transcribed Image Text:b. Now suppose that Player B has a different utility function from what was
described earlier. She has two components to her utility: money and comparison.
Let d = TA – TB be the difference between the two players' payoffs in the game.
Then assume Player B's utility function is U(m,d) = m – 0.5d. The game still
functions exactly as it did before, with Player A proposing a split of the pot and
Player B deciding to accept the proposal or reject it. Player B still gets 0 utility if
she rejects Player A's proposal, and she still accepts a proposal if she is
indifferent between accepting and rejecting. Draw a new game tree reflecting
Player B's different utility function. What rule will Player B follow in deciding
whether to accept an offer? Knowing this, how much will Player A offer Player B
in Nash equilibrium?
c. Now suppose that there are two types of people: Type I, those whose utility
functions are U(m) = m, and Type II, those whose utility functions are U(m,d) =
m- 0.5d. Suppose everyone knows that half of the population is the first type, and
half is the second type. Suppose Player A knows that he is Type I, but he does not
know Player B's type. What is Player A's expected utility (that is, the expected
value of his utility) in this case from making his proposal as if Player B were
Type I and didn't care about comparison? What is his expected utility from
making his proposal as if Player B were Type II and did care about comparison?
Which proposal of those two should he make?
d. What insights does this model provide about the pitfalls of designing
compensation schemes inside your firm?

Transcribed Image Text:3.
Suppose two players, Player A and Player B, are playing a game called, "Split
the Pot." It works like this: in front of them is a pot with $1000. Player A proposes a
division of the pot in the form of (TA, TB), where TA is the amount Player A gets to keep,
TB is the amount Player B gets to keep, and TA + TB = 1000. Player B then decides to
accept or reject Player A's proposal. If Player B accepts the proposed division of the pot,
then Player A gets TA, and Player B gets TB. If Player B rejects the proposed division of
the pot, then they both get 0.
Suppose that Player A's utility from an amount of money is equal to the amount of
money: U(m) = m. Suppose the same is true for Player B. This means that if Player B
accepts Player A's proposal, Player A's utility will be U(TA) = TA, and Player B's utility
will be U(TB) = TB. Suppose for now that there is no other source of utility in this game
for either player. Each player only cares about how much money he or she gets and
absolutely nothing else. Also suppose that if Player B is indifferent between accepting a
proposal and rejecting it – that is, if Player B's utility from accepting a proposal is
equal to her utility from rejecting it – then she will accept it.
a. Draw the game tree for this sequential game. What will Player B's utility be in
Nash Equilibrium?
b. Now suppose that Player B has a different utility function from what was
described earlier. She has two components to her utility: money and comparison.
Lot d-
be the difforon0e hotwoon the
vors' no uoff. in the
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