b. Assuming that there is no charge for entry, what is the total number of vehicles entering downtown? (Give your answers in tens of thousands of vehicles) Quantity of vehicles D C. Suppose that government, in an effort to reduce the number of vehicles by 50 percent, decides to impose a traffic fee (the same fe for both commuters and shoppers) for entry into the downtown area. What will be the amount of the fee, and how many of each group will enter downtown? Fee: $ Number of commuter vehicles: Number of shoppers'vehicles: d. Assume that government, alternatively, decides to have a two-fee system but still wishes to reduce the traffic by 50 percent of the no-fee entry level. If it decides to charge shoppers $2. how much will it have to charge commuters? Fee to commuters: $

ols 4. The Laffer curve Government-imposed taxes cause reductions in the activity that is being taxed, which has important implications for revenue collections. To understand the effect of such a tax, consider the monthly market for champagne, which is shown on the following graph. Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be graded on any changes you make to this graph, Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field will change accordingly. PRICE (Dollars per case) 22***RES 40 35 Show Transcribed Text AX REVENUE (Dolan) 018 27 345 54 63 72 81 00 QUANTITY (Cases) Suppose the government imposes a $10-per-case tax on suppliers. At this tax amount, the equilibrium quantity of champagne is [ . 648 576 504 432 360 204 3214 144 72 D Supply . Demand Now calculate the government's tax revenue if it sets a tax of $0, $10, $20, $25, $30, $40, or $50 per case. (Hint: To find the equilibrium quantity…

Read the following excerpt: 'In the UK, fuel duty is levied per unit of fuel purchased and is included in the price paid for petrol, diesel and other fuels used in vehicles or for heating. The rate depends on the type of fuel: the headline rate on standard petrol and diesel has been reduced from 57.95 pence to 52.95 pence per litre.' Suppose that, in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the UK government is considering raising fuel duty on standard petrol and diesel. Suppose that the government intends to earmark the additional fuel tax revenue, not for subsidising less carbon-intensive energy production (e.g., wind energy) but for supporting higher education (e.g., reduction in university fees). Are there additional theoretical implications in terms of efficiency in resource allocation, due to the intended use of the revenue? Explain.

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