Chemistry for Engineering Students
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337398909
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- The acid-catalyzed iodination of acetone CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq) CH3COCH2I(aq) + HI(aq) is a common laboratory experiment used in general chemistry courses to teach the method of initial rates. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by the disappearance of the color of iodine in the solution. The following data (J. P. Birk and D. L Walters, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 69, p. 585, 1992) were collected at 23 C for this reaction. Determine the rate law for this reaction.arrow_forwardThe oxidation of iodide ion by the hypochlorite ion in the presence of hydroxide ions I(aq) + ClO(aq) IO(aq) + Cl(aq) was studied at 25 C, and the following initial rates data (Y. Chia and R. E. Connick, Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 63, p. 1518, 1959) were collected: (a) Determine the rate law for this reaction. (b) One mechanism that has been proposed for this reaction is the following: Show that the rate law predicted by this mechanism matches the experimentally determined rate law in part a. (Note that when writing the expression for K the equilibrium constant, [H2O] is not involved. See Chapter 15.)arrow_forwardThe color change accompanying the reaction of phenolphthalein with strong base is illustrated below. The change in concentration of the dye can be followed by spectrophotometry (Section 4.9), and some data collected by that approach are given below. The initial concentrations were [phenolphthalein] = 0.0050 mol/L and [OH] = 0.61 mol/L. (Data are taken from review materials for kinetics at chemed.chem.purdue.edu.) (For more details on this reaction see L Nicholson, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 66, p. 725, 1989.) (a) Plot the data above as [phenolphthalein] versus time, and determine the average rate from t = 0 to t = 15 seconds and from t = 100 seconds to t = 125 seconds. Does the rate change? If so, why? (b) Use a graphical method to determine the order of the reaction with respect to phenolphthalein. Write the rate law, and determine the rate constant. (c) What is the half-life for the reaction?arrow_forward
- Instantaneous rates for the reaction of hydroxide ion with Cv+ can be determined from the slope of the curve in Figure 11.3 at various concentrations. They are (1) At 4.0 105 mol/L, rate = 12.3 107 mol L1 s1 (2) At 3.0 105 mol/L, rate = 9.25 107 mol L1 s1 (3) At 2.0 105 mol/L, rate = 6.16 107 mol L1 s1 (4) At 1.5 105 mol/L, rate = 4.60 107 mol L1 s1 (5) At 1.0 105 mol/L, rate = 3.09 107 mol L1 s1 (a) What is the relationship between the rates in (1) and (3)? Between (2) and (4)? Between (3) and (5)? (b) What is the relationship between the concentrations in each of these cases? (c) Is the rate of the reaction proportional to the concentration of Cv+? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe following experimental data were obtained for the reaction of \'I14* and NOf in acidic solution. NH/(aq) + NO2-(aq) — N;(g) + 2 H,O(f) INH/I (mol L1) [NO21 (mol L-1, Rate = A[NJ/At (mol L-1 s’) 0.0092 0.098 3.33 X IO"7 0.0092 0.049 1.66 X 10‘7 0.0488 0.196 3.51 X 10"6 0.0249 0.196 1.80 X 10-6 Determine the rate law for this reaction and calculate the rate constant.arrow_forwardFor the past 10 years, the unsaturated hydrocarbon 1, 3-butadiene (CH2 = CH - CH = CH2) has ranked 38th among the top 50 industrial Chemicals. It is used primarily for the manufacture of synthetic rubber. An isomer exists also as cyclobutene: The isomerization of cyclobutene to butadiene is first-order and the rate constant has been measured as 2.0104s1 at 150 C in a 0.53-L ?ask. Determine the partial pressure of cyclobutene and its concentration after 30.0 minutes if an isomerization reaction is carried out at 150 C with an initial pressure of 55 torr.arrow_forward
- 9. The following shows 3 step reaction mechanism of decomposition reaction of N₂Os: T Step 1: ka,ka. N₂O5 NO₂ + NO3 sili od bluow Jadw .sbflluzib (ka for the forward reaction a noitushogs Step 2: to fom (NO₂ + NO3 mobilusis Step 3: hilleil, NO + N₂O. N₂05→ Using steady-state approximation, deduce the decomposition rate of N₂O5. dX=TA ction and ka' for the reverse reaction) ka for the reverse reaction to g 00.211 NO₂+ O₂ + NOO Saoitoloe aid) lo imioq gailiod NO₂ + NO₂ + Nouillod to 256 bus (garA) NO₂ (q 01)arrow_forwardQuestion is attachedarrow_forwardAnswer following parts only. a(ii) , carrow_forward
- NH3 is used as an agent for NO reduction in the temperature range of about 1,000 K. The mechanism for NO reduction by NH; contains the following reaction steps: NH3 + OH NH2 + H2O (RI) NH2 + NO – N2 + H+ OH (R2) NH, + NO – N, + H,O (R3) H+02 -0+ OH (R4) O+ H2O → OH+ OH (R5) Show that the above process runs away when the (branching) ratio of the rate of the branching reaction (R2) over that of the termination reaction (R3) exceeds the critical value of 1/3. Assume that NH2, H, and O are in steady state.arrow_forwardBriefly explain the techniques of catalyst characterization: c) FT-IR of solids with pyridine adsorbed) XRD in the analysis of a catalystarrow_forwardE17D.4(b) The activation energy for the decomposition ofbenzene diazonium chloride is 99.1 kJ mol". At what temperature is the rate constant 10 per cent greater than at 25 °C? 16arrow_forward
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