b/ Prove the expecting value for the total energy. =+

4) Physical systems work in a “one-way street” – the amount of information we have about the state (energy state, position, velocity, etc.) of the molecules, atoms, and particles involved in general, decreases over time. A measure of the decrease of this type of information over time, or the increase in disorder,  is called:    energy    force    the adiabatic constant   entropy    work

S(B, T) 1 T₁ T Figure A1 Figure A1 shows the entropy S of a paramagnetic solid as a function of its temperature T and imposed magnetic field B. Adiabatic cooling consists in bringing the system from state 1 to 3 by making it undergo an isothermal change of magnetic field from 1 to 2 followed by an isentropic adiabatic process from 2 to 3. The entropy of the solid can be approximated by the equation S(B,T) = So — K B² T2' - where K is a positive constant and Så is some reference entropy value. (a) Find the expression of the heat Q₁2 received by the system during the isothermal process from state 1 to 2. Discuss the meaning of its sign. (b) Express the final temperature T3 as a function of B₂ and T₁. 3 T3 B₁ < B₂ B₂

For each of the following situations: a. Choose an initial and final state (states A and B) that will be appropriate (interesting) for analysis. b. If there is not already a physical diagram of the situation and there should be one for proper analysis, include one. c. Construct a system schema of the situation. Do not forget to include the system boundary for the system specified by the problem. Choose your system wisely. d. Construct an energy bar chart and system flow diagram (LOL plots) for each problem. e. You are allowed to add other energy storage modes. You do not have to use the energy storage modes that are printed in each LOL plot. f. Find the unknown value.

A power plant has been proposed that would make use of the temperature gradient in the ocean. They system is to operate between 24.0°C (surface water temperature) and 4.95°C (water temperature at a depth of about 1 km). a. What is the maximum efficiency of such a system? Describe the process that would be used to get this maximum efficiency. b. If the useful power output of the plant is 80.0 MW, how much energy is absorbed per hour?

I Review I Constants I Periodic Table A 68 kg hiker walks at 5.0 km/h up a 6 % slope. The indicated incline is the ratio of the vertical distance and the horizontal distance expressed as percentage. Part A For the steps and strategies involved in solving a similar problem, you may view a Video Tutor Solution. What is the necessary metabolic power? Hint: You can model her power needs as the sum of the 380 W power to walk on level ground plus the power needed to raise her body by the appropriate amount. Assume that the efficiency of the body in using energy is 25%. Express your answer with the appropriate units. HẢ ? P = Value Units Submit Request Answer

Critically ill patients in a cardiovascular intensive care unit must be intensely monitored for any number of conditions. One of these conditions is hypoperfusion, which is an overall decrease in blood flow throughout the body. Low stroke volume is one indicator of hypoperfusion. The pressure-volume (PV) graph below shows three possible loops for the heart. The control loop shows a healthy heart while the other two loops show reduced or increased preload (assuming that afterload and contractility remain fixed). 200 LV Pressure (mmHg) 100 Preload Control ↑ Preload 100 LV Volume (ml) (a) What is the stroke volume for the control patient? RK '15 200 (b) A healthy heart rate (HR) is measured as 80 beats per minute. What is the control patient's cardiac output CO? Control patient's CO: mL min

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4. Suppose that a nuclear power plant has an efficiency of about 0.34, and generates 1000 MW of power. It is located on the banks of a major river that is 67 m wide near the plant, approximately 3 m deep, and flows at a rate of 0.5 m/s. Suppose that the plant re-routes all of this water into the plant and dumps its waste heat evenly throughout the water, then returns the warmer water to the river. How much warmer is the river downstream of the plant compared to upstream? Water's specific heat is approximately 4184 J/kg/K, and its density is 1000 kg/m³. [Answer: The water is warmer by 4.62 K. This is a lot warmer!]

(c) We are asked to isolate t [work shown below]. Vors Ve cos Q Voy- : V, sin e Ranger X= Vore t x Vz Cos E . € cos Afso AY= Voy't hes Va sin @it . he= Vz sin Ô .t-4,9€² 4.9¢² -Vz sin@etphz20 9.01 Then to plug it into y (1) = yo + Vo,yt +;a,t“. I am hoping for help on the second step.