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At what air temperature will exhaled breath condense by self-nucleation?
Assume that a saturation ratio of 4.3 is required.
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- 2. A diffusion couple is made from nickel and iron. After 30 hours of heat treatment at 1400 K, the concentration of nickel is 3.2 wt % at a distance of 1.5 mm from interface. an identical diffusion couple is heated at 1200 K for 30 hours, at what depth from the interface will the concentration of nickel be 3.2 wt %? The pre-exponential factor (D.) and activation energy for diffusion is 1.8 x 10$ m²/s and 152 kJ/mol respectively, and the surface concentration of nickel is 100 wt%. (Note that this is a non-steady state diffusion process).For divers going to great depths, the composition of the air in the tank must be modified. The ideal composition is to have approximately the same number of O2 molecules per unit volume as in surface air (to avoid oxygen poisoning), and to use helium instead of nitrogen for the remainder of the gas (to avoid nitrogen narcosis, which results from nitrogen dissolving in the bloodstream). Of the molecules in dry surface air, 78.0% are N2, 21.0% are O2, and 1.00% are Ar. (Assume that the density of seawater is 1025 kg/m3 and the temperature is 20.0°C.) Density of dry air at 20.0°C is 1.20 kg/m3. Molar mass of N2 is 14.007 g/mol, O2 is 15.999 g/mol, and Ar is 39.948 g/mol. For a diver going to a depth of 141 m, what percentage of the gas molecules in the tank should be O2?Mass transfer is occurring from a sphere of naphthalene (Component A) having a radius of 1 cm. The sphere is in a large volume of still air (Component B) at 52.6 °C and 1 atm pressure. The vapor pressure (PA) of naphthalene at 52.6 °C is 10 mmHg. The diffusivity of naphthalene in air at this temperature is 7.02x10-6 m²/s. By using shell-balance method, find the concentration profile of naphthalene and calculate the rate of evaporation of naphthalene from the surface in kmol/m².s. (Ideal gas constant is R = 82.06 cm³atm/mol.K, x₁ = P/P, C=P/RT)
- yeasts are able to produce high internal concentrations of glycerol to counteract the osmotic pressure of the surrounding media. suppose that a sample of yeast cells were placed in a 4% sodium chloride solution by weight. The density of solution is at 25 C = 1.02 g/ml, Molecular weight of solute = 58.44 g/mol, i of glycerol = 1 R=0.08205 L-atm/mol-K What is the weight of solute (in grams)? What is the moles of solute? What is the volume of the solution (in liters)? What is the molarity of the solution? What is the value of the temperature to be used to solve for the osmotic pressure of the solution? What is the osmotic pressure of solution At the same temperature, what will be the molar concentration of glycerol considering the computed osmotic pressure of the solution and the normal osmotic pressure inside a yeast cell of 7.3 atmospheres?The air quality index in Beijing last year recorded average ozone (O3) levels of 110 ppb (on a mol basis). Does this exceed Canada's acceptable 24 hour National Ambient Air Quality Objective (NAAQO) of 50 micrograms/M3? Assume the average molar mass of air is 29.0 g/mol and its density is 1.225 kg/M3.What is the mean free path of molecules in an ideal gas in which the mean collision time is 3.00 x 1010 s, the temperature is 308K, and the mass of the molecules is 6.00 × 10-25 kg? Assume that the molecules are moving at their root- mean-square speeds. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 x 10-23 J/K. Glve your answer in Angstroms ( 1 Angstrom = 10-10 m)
- Seawater has a salinity of 3.5%, meaning that if you boil away a kilogram of seawater, when you're finished you'll have 35 g of solids (mostly NaCI) left in the pot. When dissolved, sodium chloride dissociates into separate Na+ and CI-ions. Calculate the osmotic pressure difference between seawater and fresh water. Assume for simplicity that all the dissolved salts in seawater are N aCl.Determine the carburizing time (in s) necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.44 wt% at a position 1.7 mm into an iron- carbon alloy that initially contains 0.031 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.2 wt% C, and the treatment is to be conducted at 1250°C. Assume that Do = 5.1 x 10-5 m²/s and Qd = 154 kJ/mol. You will find the table below useful. Z 0 0.025 erf(z) 0 0.0282 Z 0.55 0.60 0.05 0.0564 0.65 0.35 0.10 0.1125 0.70 0.15 0.1680 0.75 0.25 0.2763 0.85 erf(z) Z erf(z) 0.5633 1.3 0.6039 1.4 0.9523 0.9340 0.6420 1.5 0.9661 0.6778 1.6 0.9763 0.20 0.2227 0.80 0.7421 1.8 0.9891 0.7112 1.7 0.9838 0.7707 1.9 0.30 0.3286 0.90 0.7970 2.0 0.9953 0.3794 0.95 0.8209 0.9928 2.2 0.9981The vapor pressures of the components, A and B, in a binary solution have been modeled and found to obey хара exp(0.75 XB) A A exp(0.75x) where XÃ and are the mole fractions, and PA* and PB* are the vapor pressures of each pure substance at room temperature. (a) If PA* = 0.084 bar and the total pressure of a mixture with XA = 0.40 is 0.125 bars, what is PB*, the vapor pressure of pure B (in bars)? P = X P А P₁ = X_P B QUESTION 14 B B * * Continuation of the previous problem (b) Assuming that the vapor is an ideal gas, what is the mole fraction of component B in the vapor phase?
- An aluminum coffee mug has in inner diameter of 2.50 cm at room temperature (20.0° C). If someone accidentally leaves the cup on the stove burner its temperature could rise to 300° C. What would be the inner diameter then? (keep 4 significant figures in your answer) Linear coefficient of expansion for copper, Caluminum = 24 X 10-6/C° Area coefficient of expansion for copper, Yaluminum = 48 X 10-/C° Volume coefficient of expansion for copper, Baluminum = 72 X 106/C°Suppose that the root-mean-square velocity vms of water molecules (molecular mass is equal to 18.0 g/mol) in a flame is found to be 1350 m/s. What temperature T does this represent? The Boltzmann constant is k = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K and Avogadro's number is NA = 6.022 x 1023 mol-'. T = KA less than youthful 94.6 kg physics professor decides to run the 26.2 mile (42.195 km) Los Angeles Marathon. During his months of training, he realizes that one important component in running a successful marathon is carbo-loading, the consumption of a sufficient quantity of carbohydrates prior to the race that the body can store as glycogen to burn during the race. The typical energy requirement for runners is 1 kcal/km per kilogram of body weight, and each mole of oxygen intake allows for the release of 120 kcal of energy by oxidizing (burning) glycogen. (a) If the professor finishes the marathon in 4:15:00 h, what is the professor's oxygen intake rate, in liters per minute, during the race if he metabolizes all of the carbo-loaded glycogen during the race and the ambient temperature is 22.0°C? L/min (b) The human body has an efficiency of 25.0%. Only 25.0% of the energy released from oxidizing glycogen is used as macroscopic mechanical energy, and the remaining 75.0% is used for…
