At the very end of cellular respiration (glycolysis followed by pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport/ATP synthesis), a. In what molecules are all of the carbons from the glucose? b. In what molecules are many of the electrons from the glucose? c.   In what molecules is much of the free energy that was harvested from the glucose?

Compare ATP production in the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain, or aerobic respiration.   A. Both processes use oxidative phosphorylation.   B. Both processes use substrate-level phosphorylation.   C. The citric acid cycle uses substrate-level phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses oxidative phosphorylation.   D. The citric acid cycle uses oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses substrate-level phosphorylation.

Fatty acids are catabolized by a process called beta-oxidation. One of the products of beta- oxidation is acetyl CoA. Given this information, the products of beta-oxidation will most likely be incorporated into which stage of cellular respiration? A the citric acid cycle B C D glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation the link reaction

You are testing the effects of different molecules on respiration using isolated liver cells that are growing on glucose. For each of the compounds listed below, indicate whether the compound will increase or decrease respiration (measured by monitoring oxygen consumption), and provide reasoning for your answer in two sentences at most. Consider only the early time after the compound begins to exert its effects. a. An inhibitor of the FoF1 ATPase b. A proton channel that enables protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane by facilitated diffusion c. An inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I of the electron transport chain)

It makes sense that enzymes should be active when they are needed and inactive when they are not needed. Non-competitive (allosteric) regulation of enzymes is important in metabolism because it allows for the rapid adjustment of their activity.  Recall hexokinase, a key enzyme of glycolysis. Which of the following molecules likely functions as an allosteric inhibitor of its activity?      A.  ADP  B.  Glucose  C.  NAD+  D.  Pyruvate

Why are estimates of ATP production from cellular respiration provided in terms of a range (30-32, for example)?

Digestion of cellobiose in cows produces two glucose units which is then absorbed into the bloodand distributed into the cells for energy production. One glucose unit is catabolized in the muscle cellwhile the other is in the heart cell, to CO2 and H2O in the cellular respiration process. How many ATPmolecules are released? Show your detailed computation. answer.