At the start of 2010, the UK was hit by extremely cold weather including snow and ice. As a result, there was a major increase in demand for salt to put on the roads to make them safer. However, the supply of salt in the UK comes mainly from three salt mines; one in Cheshire, one in Cleveland, and one in County Antrim. The shortage was so great that at one point the government ordered councils to use less grit on the roads and stopped gritting the hard shoulder of the motorways. Problems in the past meant councils had been instructed to hold a few days worth of stock of salt but this was not enough to make the roads safe in what was the coldest period since 1963. Questions Sketch a supply curve that represents the supply of salt in the short run. Explain your diagram. Why do councils keep stocks of salt? Add to your first diagram a long-run supply curve for salt; explain your diagram.

The blue curve on the following graph represents the demand curve facing a firm that can set its own prices. Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be graded on any changes you make to this graph. Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field will change accordingly. # 345470 10 QUANTITY (Unita) *** TO QUANTITY (Number of units) Graph Input Tool Market for Goods Quantity Demanded (Lv) Demand Price (Dollars per unit) On the graph input tool, change the number found in the Quantity Demanded field to determine the prices that correspond to the production of 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 units of output. Calculate the total revenue for each of these production levels. Then, on the following graph, use the green points (triangle symbo) to plot the results. Total Revenue QUANTITY() Ⓒ 50.00 Calculate the total revenue if the firm produces 2 versus 1 units. Then, calculate the marginal revenue of…

The market for soccer balls is composed by 4 firms. Consider the following information on the quatity supplied at different prices: When the price for a ball is $25, the supply of firm 1 is 5, the supply of firm 2 is 2, the supply of firm 3 is 3, and the supply of firm 4 is 0. When the price for a ball is $50, the supply of firm 1 is 7, the supply of firm 2 is 5, the supply of firm 3 is 5, and the supply of firm 4 is 3. When the price for a ball is $75, the supply of firm 1 is 9, the supply of firm 2 is 8, the supply of firm 3 is 7, and the supply of firm 4 is 6. When the price for a ball is $100, the supply of firm 1 is 11, the supply of firm 2 is 11, the supply of firm 3 is 10, and the supply of firm 4 is 9. When the price is $50, the market supply of soccer balls is:   a. 20   b. 10   c. 30   d. 41

China’s Thirst for Gas Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, deteriorating pipelines in Alaska, and conflict in Iraq can cause gasoline prices to rise by restricting supply. Often the events we see in the headlines affect the supply of oil available to consumers, but changes in the level of world demand for petroleum products also affects the price of oil. China’s Growing Demand U.S. demand for petroleum products has been high for decades. The United States is the largest consumer of oil, using about a quarter of the world’s petroleum. This is quickly changing. Emerging nations are becoming thirsty for oil, and China is at the top of that list. How did such a rapid change happen? In the past, China has not needed much petroleum. As the country is industrializing, however, it needs more and more fuel to satisfy its growing energy needs. In fact, as the graph of oil consumption between 1995 and 2025 shows, China’s consumption is increasing much more rapidly than…

Brick and mortar retail stores were particularly hard hit by the pandemic and several large chains went bankrupt. Others survived by developing or switching to online sales platforms and developing systems like a curbside pickup. Using the lessons of supply and demand analysis, and in particular, the discussion of demand and supply shifters, answer the following and explain your answer: 1) Do these innovations affect supply or demand, imposing the “all else constant” assumption (the only one can be affected). 2) Identify the shifter. 3) Which direction does the curve you identified shift and why? 4) Describe what happens to price and quantity at the new equilibrium.

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The following is an excerpt from an article in the Singaporean newspaper, the Straits Times: Singaporeans with a sweet tooth could soon find themselves paying more for their favourite treats, as bakers and confectioners buckle under soaring sugar prices. Since March last year, the price of white sugar has shot up by 70 per cent, according to the New York Board of Trade. As if that didn’t make life difficult enough for bakers, butter and cheese prices have also risen, by 31 per cent and 17 per cent respectively. The increases have been caused by various factors: a steep drop in Thailand’s sugarcane production due to drought, higher sea freight charges, increasing demand from China’s consumers for dairy products and the strong Australian and New Zealand dollar. For the consumer in Singapore, what this may eventually boil down to is a more expensive bag of cookies, with prices at some bakeries expected to rise between 10 and 20 per cent. [The owner of a Singapore…

In 2020 the UK government introduced a sales tax on all products bought online from overseas. Please note this is not a tariff – it is a tax. The tax will be 2% of the value of the products sold in the UK. This tax is collected from online sellers such as Amazon or ebay. Source: BBC (2019). See link: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50656106   Consider the market for online products. The initial market equilibrium is at 10 million products sold per year at an average price of $500 each. Then, the UK government imposes a tax on the market, collected from sellers (for example Amazon and ebay). The tax is 2% per item (each item has an average price of $500).   Show the effect of this on the market for online products. Show the effect on consumers of online products, on the online sellers and on the government. Does the UK economy gain or lose as a result of the tax? Explain why. Use a diagram to support your answer.

Due to fear about mad cow disease, Japan stopped importing animal feed from Britain in 1996, beef imports and processed beef products from 18 countries including EU members starting in 2001, and similar imports from Canada and the United States in 2003. After U.S. beef imports were banned, McDonald’s Japan and other Japanese importers replaced much of the banned U.S. beef with Australian beef, causing an export boom for Australia (“China Bans U.S. Beef,” cnn.com, December 24, 2003; “Beef Producers Are on the Lookout for Extra Demand,” abc.net.au, June 13, 2005). Use supply and demand curves to show the impact of these events on the domestic Australian beef market.  

PLEASE MAKE A SUPPLY AND DEMAND GRAPH BASED ON THIS EXPLAINATION   The high demand for onions in the Philippines combined with low supply has led to an increase in prices. The average monthly demand for onions in the country is around 17,000 metric tons but the current supply is not enough to meet the demand. This has resulted in a shift in the demand curve to the right and the supply curve to the left, causing the market equilibrium to move from point E to point F, resulting in an increase in both price and quantity. Reason of the shift: The price increase of onions in the Philippines can be attributed to several factors, including global inflation, failure of the agriculture department to make accurate supply projections, possible internal price manipulation, and a shortage of supply due to smuggling.