ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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- Consider a small macroeconomy located near the South Pacific Ocean where the current interest rate is 15 percent and the potential level of real GDP equal to $2.7 billion. Consumers spending behavior is described by the equation: C = 175 + 0.8DI, while firm's investment spending behavior is described by the equation: I = 60 + 0.25Y-750r. Trade is allowed and currently, total exports is fixed at $150 million while total imports is described by the equation: IM = 320 +0.1Y. The government's spending is fixed at $840 million and net taxes is described by the equation: T=50 + 0.25Y. (Question 1 of 6) What is the current equilibrium level of GDP (in millions of dollars)? (report your answer at 3 decimal places)arrow_forwardConsider an economy characterised by: C = 500+ 0.8(Y-T) I = 400 120r +0.1Y G=300 T = 0.25Y L(r, Y) = Y - 300r M/P=600 13 where C, Y, I, G, T, r, L and M/P, denote consumption, output, investment, government spending, taxes, the interest rate, liquidity preferences and the real money supply, respectively. • Derive expressions for the IS and the LM schedules and plot the two curves. . Find the equilibrium interest rate and the equilibrium level of income. Derive the Keynesian multiplier and comment its properties compared to the standard case. . Calculate and interpret the effects on Y and r of an increase of money supply that bring M/P to 1200.arrow_forwardQuestion 2: Consider a model exactly like that in Question 1 - where the person receives income $48,326 - in period 1 and additional income $44,928 in period 2 except let's now suppose that the person faces a liquidity constraint. Specifically, she can still save at an interest rate of 4%, but if she borrows, then she must pay an interest rate of 8%. (a) If the person wants to save, the relevant interest rate is 4%. For what values of 8 is it optimal to save? [Hint: You already know the answer from Question 1.] (b) If the person wants to borrow, the relevant interest rate is 8%. (i) Suppose the interest rate is 8%, and solve for the optimal c₁ and c₂ as a function of 8. (ii) If the interest rate is 8%, for what values of 8 is it optimal to borrow? [Note: Please report your answer to 5 decimal points.] (c) Given the liquidity constraint, for what values of 8 is it optimal to neither borrow nor save? [Hint: Two conditions must hold: (i) 8 must be such that the person does NOT want to…arrow_forward
- The Keynesian Transmission mechanism will eliminate a recessionary gap if there are not Liquidity Trap or Insensitive Investment function. Explain:a) What it is a liquidity trapb) What it is insensitive investment functionarrow_forwardConsider an economy located near the Indian Ocean where the main industries are agriculture and tourism. Policymakers and economic advisors have determined that consumers' spending behavior is described by the equation: C = 255 + 0.75DI while the domestic investment spending behavior by firms is fixed at $250 billion. Currently, the population is 250 million, the labor force participation rate is 68 percent, and the unemployment rate is 4 percent. The policymakers and economic advisors have also determined that the short run aggregate supply of goods and services in the economy is described by the equation Y = Ypot + 75(P - Pe), while the potential level of real GDP is $2075 billion and the expected price level at full employment, Pe, is 115. Net taxes is described by the equation: T = 120 + 0.2Y while the government spending is fixed at $500 billion. Trading occurs mostly with neighboring economies and currently total imports is $300 billion while total exports is $200 billion.…arrow_forwardAssume that the long-run level of output is Y = 1000, which the economy is also at initially in the short-run. Suppose that the consumption and investment functions are, respectivley, C = 100 + 0.8(Y – Ť), 1- 100— 2000г, that is, MPC is 0.8. Furthermore, the LM (money market equilibrium) curve is M. 200 The government is currently implementing a policy G = 80, Ť = 50, and the central bank (CB) is supplying M = 1000. Expected inflation is T° = 0. Continuing from Part 1, due to the uncertainty surrounding the coronavirus, consumers tighten their belts and consumption function changes to C = 40 + 0.8(Y – T). Focus only on the economy's short-run responses, that is, when the price level P cannot adjust. Derive the new IS curve. It should be written in the form Y = A - Bi, that is, you only need to solve for the values of A = andarrow_forward
- Consider the following functions for consumption and investment: C = 1,000 + (2/3)*(Y – T) and I = 1,200 – 100*r. Furthermore, Y = 8,000, G = 2500, T = 2,000. Compute private, public, and national savings for this economy, and find the equilibrium real interest rate (r). Assume that G declines by 500 units. How will it change your answers in part (a)? What happens to the national savings, given everything else, if the public decides to consume less out of their disposable income (assume that the propensity of consume falls by 10 percent)? Given your answer in part (c), what happens to investment and real interest rate? Answer all four.arrow_forwardConsider this frugal governed closed economy with a money market. Note there are no taxes in this economy. C = 100 + 0.3 Y I^d = 1500 − 1000 r G = 600 M^D = 500 − 200 r M^S = 480 The investment multiplier is 1.43. And the level of investment is currently $1,400. Assume that the central bank engages in open market operations which increase aggregate output/income (Y) by $100 . What is the value of the money supply after the Fed's policy is implemented? a)$475 b) $574 c) $494 d) $450arrow_forwardConsider the following economy. Individuals are endowed with y units of the consumption good when young and nothing when old, but would like to consume in both periods. People face a lump-sum tax of t goods when young and a rate of expansion of the fiat money supply of z > 1. The tax and the expansion of the fiat money stock are used to finance government purchases of g goods for each old person in every period. There are N people in every generation (constant population). (a) Find the individualís budget constraints when young and when old. Combine them to derive the individualís lifetime budget constraint. Explain the results. (b) Find the government's budget constraint. Explain each component. (c) Find the feasible set. Explain what is the role of z, t and g in it, and why. (d) Now consider instead the case where the lump-sum tax of t goods is levied on the old and used to finance a transfer of g goods to the young. Derive the new government budget constraint and feasible set.…arrow_forward
- Assume that the long-run level of output is Y = 1000, which the economy is also at initially in the short-run. Suppose that the consumption and investment functions are, respectivley, C = 100 + 0.8(Y – T), I = 100 – 2000r, that is, MPC is 0.8. Furthermore, the LM (money market equilibrium) curve is M Y 200 The government is currently implementing a policy = 80, Ť = 50, and the central bank (CB) is supplying M = 1000. Expected inflation is = 0. Continuing from Part 1, due to the uncertainty surrounding the coronavirus, consumers tighten their belts and consumption function changes to C = 40 + 0.8(Y – Ť). Focus only on the economy's short-run responses, that is, when the price level P cannot adjust. Now suppose the government does nothing, and the CB wants to stabilise the economy with a constant r-target policy. a) The CB must react by • money supply, to b) Due to the CB's monetary policy, the LM curve c) Output, Y, changes to d) Consumtpion, C, changes to e) Private investment, I,…arrow_forwardRefer to the graph below and suppose that the economy begins in long-run equilibrium. Which point best represents the new outcome when banks' capital requirements rise? 4.5% 3% 1.5% ● b · a d (c) (a) -2% 0% (b) (d) 2% LM laarrow_forwardConsider a small macroeconomy located near the South Pacific Ocean where the current interest rate is 15 percent and the potential level of real GDP equal to $2.7 billion. Consumers spending behavior is described by the equation: C = 175 + 0.8DI, while firm's investment spending behavior is described by the equation: 1 = 60 +0.25Y-750r. Trade is allowed and currently, total exports is fixed at $150 million while total imports is described by the equation: IM = 320 + 0.1Y. The government's spending is fixed at $840 million and net taxes is described by the equation: T=50 +0.25Y. (Question 4 of 6) Consider that actual rate of unemployment is 5 percent and the current government implements a monetary policy to stabilize the current economic environment. Given the government's policy, what will be the new equilibrium level of GDP (in millions of dollars)? (report your answer at 2 decimal places)arrow_forward
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