College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- Suppose a car travels 108 km at a speed of 20.0 m/s, and uses 2.00 gallons of gasoline. Only 30% of the gasoline goes into useful work by the force that keeps the car moving at constant speed despite friction. (The energy content of gasoline is 1.3 ✕ 108 J per gallon.)(a) What is the force exerted to keep the car moving at constant speed? N (b) If the required force is directly proportional to speed, how many gallons will be used to drive 108 km at a speed of 28.0 m/s? gallonsarrow_forwardSuppose a car travels 108 km at a speed of 39.0 m/s and uses 1.9 gal of gasoline. Only 30% of the gasoline goes into useful work by the force that keeps the car moving at constant speed despite friction. (The energy content of gasoline is 140 MJ/gal.) (a) What is the magnitude of the force (in N) exerted to keep the car moving at constant speed? X N (b) If the required force is directly proportional to speed, how many gallons will be used to drive 108 km at a speed of 16.0 m/s? gallonsarrow_forwardYou drop a 2.60 kg book to a friend who stands on the ground at distance D = 12.0 m below. If your friend's outstretched hands are at distance d = 1.50 m above the ground (see the figure), (a) how much work Wg does the gravitational force do on the book as it drops to her hands? (b) What is the change AU in the gravitational potential energy of the book-Earth system during the drop? If the gravitational potential energy U of that system is taken to be zero at ground level, what is U (c) when the book is released and (d) when it reaches her hands? Now take U to be 100 J at ground level and again find (e) Wg, (f) AU, (g) U at the release point, and (h) U at her hands. (a) Number i Units (b) Number i Units (c) Number i Units (d) Number i Units (e) Number i Units (f) Number i Units (g) Number i Units (h) Number i Units > > > > > > >arrow_forward
- The specialty of an athlete on the women's track team is the pole vault. She has a mass of 60 kg and her approach speed is 8.7 m/s. When she is directly above the bar, her speed is 1.3 m/s. Neglecting air resistance and any energy absorbed by the pole, determine the amount(in m) she has raised herself as she crosses the bar. Answer in Meters.arrow_forwardA skateboarder is at the top of a frictionless ramp defined by the function y = z². The top of the ramp is located at (-5m, 25m), and the skateboarder skates to the bottom of the ramp, (0m, 0m). (a) What nonconservative forces are in this problem? (b) What is the total nonconservative work done? (c) Is mechanical energy conserved? (d) What is the skateboarder's speed at the bottom of the ramp?arrow_forwardConsider a cannon-ball of mass 8 kg fired vertically up from the ground with an initial speed of 120 m/s. We ignore the effects of air resistance. (a) Consider the downward trip. Find the work done by gravity when the cannon-ball drops from its highest point to halfway between the ground and the highest point. Hence, find the kinetic energy of the cannon-ball when it drops to the halfway point. (b) Mark a list that gives the kinetic energy, potential energy and the total mechanical energy at four points during the trip: when the cannon-ball (i) just leaves the cannon, (ii) reaches its highest point, (iii) is half-way in the downward trip, and (iv) is going to hit the ground.arrow_forward
- 1) a) What is the work done when a box weighing 10N is lifted up onto a shelf 2m above the floor? b) If we consider the acceleration due to gravity to be 10 ms^-2 and the same box (weighing 10N) moves at 10 ms^-1 how much kinetic energy is used? c) How much potential energy does the box have when it is on the shelf? d) Thinking about the conservation of energy, if a block of mass 20kg falls off a shelf that is 3m above the ground what is the velocity of the box just before it hits the ground?arrow_forwardSuppose a car travels 108 km at a speed of 35.0 m/s, and uses 1.90 gallons of gasoline. Only 30% of the gasoline goes into useful work by the force that keeps the car moving at constant speed despite friction. (The energy content of gasoline is 1.3 ✕ 108 J per gallon.) (a) What is the force exerted to keep the car moving at constant speed? (b) If the required force is directly proportional to speed, how many gallons will be used to drive 108 km at a speed of 28.0 m/s?arrow_forwardA block with mass m = 12 kg rests on a frictionless table and is accelerated by a spring with spring constant k = 4599 N/m after being compressed a distance x1 = 0.45 m from the spring’s unstretched length. The floor is frictionless except for a rough patch a distance d = 2.7 m long. For this rough path, the coefficient of friction is μk = 0.41. 1) How much work is done by friction as the block crosses the rough spot? 2) Instead, the spring is only compressed a distance x2 = 0.117 m before being released. How far into the rough path does the block slide before coming to rest? 3) What distance does the spring need to be compressed so that the block will just barely make it past the rough patch when released?arrow_forward
- A car with mass 1520 kg is traveling down the highway at a speed of 18 m/s when the driver slams on the brakes due to an accident up ahead. The car eventually comes to rest.According to the work-energy theorem the work is related to the change in kinetic energy, Wnet = Δ KE = KEfinal - KEinitial.(a) Using the work-energy relationship, determine how much net work is done on the car from the brakes? Report the magnitude of the the work (positive value) even though the work from brakes will be negative since the car is slowing down._____ J(b) The brakes apply a force of 24000 N to the car in order to make it stop. Using the fact that W = F d and the fact that the you found the work done (magnitude) by the brakes in part (b), determine the stopping distance, d, of the car.____ marrow_forwardA child of mass m = 27 kg slides down a slide of height h = 2.1 m without friction. Let gravitational potential energy be zero at ground level. Write an expression for the child's total mechanical energy, E, at the top of the slide, in terms of the variables in the problem and the acceleration due to gravity g. Calculate the change in the child's potential energy, ΔU in joules, from the top to the bottom of the slide at ground level (i.e. ΔU = Uground- Utop). What is the child's final speed, vf in m/s?arrow_forwardYou drop a 2.50 kg book to a friend who stands on the ground at distance D-13.0 m below. If your friend's outstretched hands are at distance d-1.60 m above the ground (see the figure), (a) how much work W, does the gravitational force do on the book as it drops to her hands? (b) What is the change AU in the gravitational potential energy of the book-Earth system during the drop? If the gravitational potential energy U of that system is taken to be zero at ground level, what is U (c) when the book is released and (d) when it reaches her hands? Now take U to be 100 J at ground level and again find (e) W. (f) AU, (g) U at the release point, and (h) U at her hands. 10000 Elarrow_forward
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