As a function of Vdd, Cvdd, and Cgnd, how much energy is pulled out of the supply voltage Vdd when In transitions from low to high? How about when In transitions from high to low? Note that you can ignore all capacitors associated with the transistors except those explicitly drawn in the figure. Vdd In Out Cvdd Cand

A silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) has a forward breakdown voltage of 230 V. When a gate current of 2 mA flows in the gate circuit. If a sinusoidal voltage of 400 V peak is applied, find the following: Firing angle. Average output voltage. Average current for a load resistance of 180 Ohms. Power output

5. For the following circuit with ideal OPAM and positive saturation voltage Vsat+ = 9V and negative saturation voltage Vsat-=-8V. Find: a. It is a function of V1, in active region and positive and negative saturation regions. b. The current iA in active region and in positive and negative saturation regions. Remember that no current enters the inverting and non-inverting terminals, and also V+ is different from V- when the OPAM is saturated. 10ΚΩ w 1ΚΩ www Va we+ 1A 1ΚΩ 1ΚΩ w 10kQ

........ (Figure-1) R. RB= 380kN,Rc= 1kN B = 100, VBB = Vcc=12V RB ww Vec CC ......... I, V CE СЕ V ВЕ BB Q-1-b) Describe briefly the input / output characteristics and application of Common Emitter BJT Configuration