Are all the oxides carbonated in theraw materials used? The materialreferenced here was dunite but thiswill go for any rawsilicate material used as it will not bepure CaO, MgoO, or FeO.• What happens to the rest ofthe materials? Are they wasted (if sowhere are they stored)? Or can theimpurities be sold (if so for how muchand as what)?• How do you separate these finalproducts assuming there aresubstantial impurities in them?Is the efficiency purely based on MgOcabronation or the entire mineral(dunite) carbonation?

Not all the oxides are carbonated in the raw materials used. The extent of carbonation depends on…

Answered: Are all the oxides carbonated in the…

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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Not all the oxides are carbonated in the raw materials used. The extent of carbonation depends on the type of mineral, its composition, and the conditions of the carbonation process. For example, dunite is a type of ultramafic rock that is composed primarily of olivine. Olivine is a magnesium-rich mineral that is easily carbonated, so most of the magnesium in dunite can be converted to magnesite ( $M g C O subscript 3$ ). However, the iron and calcium in dunite are not as easily carbonated, so they may not be completely converted to carbonates.
The rest of the materials that are not carbonated are called the residues. The residue can be stored or disposed of in a landfill. In some cases, the residue may have some value and can be sold. For example, the iron in the residues can be extracted and used to make steel.
The separation of the final products from the residues can be done using a variety of methods, such as filtration, centrifugation, and precipitation. The specific method used will depend on the composition of the materials and the desired purity of the products.
The efficiency of mineral carbonation is typically measured as the percentage of the magnesium oxide (MgO) in the raw material that is converted to magnesite ( $M g C O subscript 3$ ). However, the efficiency can also be calculated based on the entire mineral (dunite) carbonation. In this case, the efficiency would take into account the amount of iron and calcium that are also converted to carbonates.

Here are some additional details about the carbonation of dunite:

The carbonation process is typically carried out in a slurry of dunite and water. The slurry is heated to a high temperature, and $space C O subscript 2$ is bubbled through it. The $space C O subscript 2$ reacts with the magnesium in the dunite to form magnesite.
The rate of carbonation depends on a number of factors, including the temperature, the concentration of, $C O subscript 2$ and the surface area of the dunite particles.
The efficiency of carbonation can be improved by using a fine-grained dunite and by operating the process at a high temperature and pressure.
The residues from the carbonation process can be used to make bricks, concrete, and other building materials.