Apply the second law to develop the absolute thermodynamic temperature scale.

Air within a piston-cylinder assembly, initially at 50 lbf/ in.?, 510°R, and a volume of 6 ft3, is compressed isentropically to a final volume of 1.75 ft³. Assuming the ideal gas model with k = 1.4 for the air, determine the: (a) mass, in Ib. (b) final pressure, in Ibf/in.2 (c) final temperature, in °R. (d) work, in Btu.

A 30-lb iron casting, initially at 1500°F, is quenched in a tank filled with 2121 lb of oil, initially at 80°F. The iron casting and oil can be modeled as incompressible with specific heats 0.10 Btu/lb. °R, and 0.45 Btu/lb. °R, respectively. (a) For the iron casting and oil as the system,determine the final equilibrium temperature, in °F. Ignore heat transfer between the system and its surroundings. T+= 257.4978 (b) For the iron casting and oil as the system,determine the amount of entropy produced within the tank, in Btu/°R. Ignore heat transfer between the system and its surroundings. 0 = °F i Btu/°R

Five kilograms of a two-phase liquid-vapor mixture of water initially at 300\deg C and x1 = 0.5 is heated from the initial state to a saturated vapor state while the volume remains constant. The process is brought about by heat transfer from a thermal reservoir at 380\deg C. The temperature of the water at the location where the heat transfer occurs is 380\deg C.Let To = 300 K, Po = 1 bar, and ignore the effects of motion and gravity.