Answer the following questions regarding the reaction coordinate diagram below. m Reaction Coordinate a. This reaction coordinate diagram is consistent with which mechanism (E1 or E2)? b. What order would the rate expression be for this reaction (i.e first, second, third, zero)? c. Which of the following molecules could NOT be involved in a reaction that had this reaction coordinate diagram (answer a, b, c, or d)? Br a. CI b. Br C. d. Br d. This reaction coordinate diagram corresponds to a mechanism with Energy steps.
Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.
Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.
![**Understanding Reaction Coordinate Diagrams:**
**Reaction Coordinate Diagram:**
The diagram shown consists of a multi-peaked graph that represents changes in energy during the course of a chemical reaction. The x-axis is labeled as "Reaction Coordinate," and the y-axis is labeled as "Energy." The graph has distinct energy peaks and valleys indicating different transition states and intermediates.
**Questions:**
**a. Mechanism Consistency:**
- This reaction coordinate diagram is consistent with which mechanism (E1 or E2)?
- [Your Answer Here]
**b. Rate Expression Order:**
- What order would the rate expression be for this reaction (i.e., first, second, third, zero)?
- [Your Answer Here]
**c. Molecules Involved:**
- Which of the following molecules could NOT be involved in a reaction that had this reaction coordinate diagram (answer a, b, c, or d)?
- a. 
- b. 
- c. 
- d. 
- [Your Answer Here]
**d. Number of Steps:**
- This reaction coordinate diagram corresponds to a mechanism with ___ steps.
- [Your Answer Here]
**Detailed Diagram Explanation:**
The diagram shows energy changes along the reaction path:
- The diagram starts with a level (initial energy of reactants), then rises to the first peak (first transition state).
- It then drops to a valley (first intermediate) and rises again to the second peak (second transition state).
- This pattern repeats, indicating multiple transition states and intermediates, finally ending in a lower energy level representing the products.
These peaks and valleys are crucial in understanding the steps and mechanisms involved in complex reactions, helping to identify rate-determining steps and reaction intermediates.
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**For Educators:** Use this diagram to explain the differences between E1 and E2 mechanisms, rate laws, and multi-step reaction processes. This resource can support chemistry students in visualizing and understanding reaction kinetics and mechanisms.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ffdac5784-6171-4c2d-813f-cbb526f56bfb%2F1b9c5fb3-4748-4cf1-85d8-1a82655a0068%2Fb5flbrm_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![This image depicts a series of questions based on a reaction coordinate diagram and is intended for an educational website focused on chemistry. Below, each question and the relevant images are transcribed and explained in detail.
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**Title: Reaction Coordinate**
**Graph:**
The graph titled "Reaction Coordinate" is implied but not fully visible in the provided image. Typically, such a graph would plot the progress of a reaction (x-axis) against the energy (y-axis), showing the energy changes as reactants transition to products via intermediates and transition states.
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**Questions:**
a. **This reaction coordinate diagram is consistent with which mechanism (E1 or E2)?**
[Text box for answer]
b. **What order would the rate expression be for this reaction (i.e., first, second, third, zero)?**
[Text box for answer]
c. **Which of the following molecules could NOT be involved in a reaction that had this reaction coordinate diagram (answer a, b, c, or d)?**
[Text box for answer]
**Molecular Structures:**
- **a.**
 (Cyclohexyl chloride)
- **b.**
 (Cyclohexyl bromide)
- **c.**
 (Bromocyclohexane)
- **d.**
 (Cyclohexyl, ethyl bromide)
d. **This reaction coordinate diagram corresponds to a mechanism with [blank] steps.**
[Text box for answer]
e. **The [blank] step is the rate determining step.**
[Text box for answer]
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**Explanation:**
- **Question a:** Typically asks whether the reaction mechanism is unimolecular (E1) or bimolecular (E2).
- **Question b:** Focuses on the reaction rate order based on the characteristics of the reaction mechanism.
- **Question c:** Requires identification of a molecule that does not fit the given reaction coordinate.
- **Question d:** Usually, an E1 reaction involves multiple steps, while an E2 reaction is a single step.
- **Question e:** Identifies which step in the](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ffdac5784-6171-4c2d-813f-cbb526f56bfb%2F1b9c5fb3-4748-4cf1-85d8-1a82655a0068%2Fxex03x8_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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