Concept explainers
Answer the following questions
A. The critical angle for total internal reflection at a diamond-air interface is 25 degrees. Suppose the light falls at an angle to the normal. Then, total internal reflection will occur if the incident medium is:
a) air and angle < 25 degrees b) air and angle > 25 degrees c) air and angle = 25 degrees d) diameter and angle > 25 degrees e) diamond and angle < 25 degrees
B. A ray of light in water (index n1) hits its surface (with air) at a critical angle for total internal reflection. Now some oil (index n2) floats in the water. The angle between the ray in the oil and the normal is: note: sin -1 (1.00), it is read as the inverse sine of one.
a) sin -1 (1/n1) b) sin -1 (1/n2) c) sin -1 (1.00) d) sin -1 (n1/n2) e) sin -1 (n2/n1)
C. A ray of light passes obliquely (non-zero angle) through a glass plate that has parallel faces. The emerging ray:
a) it leans more towards the normal than the incident ray b) is reflected internally toatl c) tilts further away from normal than the incident ray d) is parallel to the incident ray but displaced laterally e) lies on the same straight line as the incident ray
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- Two light beams are incident normal to one surface of a triangular prism with refractive index n = 1.4 surrounded by air. What is the value of the angle between the two emerging beams, shown as a in the figure? d a 90° d 45° O 70.4° 73.7° O 61.8° 60.0° O 65.8° ..... ......arrow_forwardAssume that a material is composed of 3 layers in descending order: air (nair = 1.00), water (nwater = 1.33), and glass (nglass= 1.52). Then, assume that a monochromatic light ray in the air passes through the surface of water with an angle of incidence 0₁ = 40 degrees. A. Find the angle of refraction in glass after it passes completely through the water layer. B. Find how fast is the light ray moving in the glass?arrow_forwardOptical fibers are a central part of technology for rapid information transmission with a high level of efficiency. A new type of optical fiber is crafted with an index of refraction n = less than that of water in the vicinity of room temperature, where NH2O fact that n < nH20 potentially problematic if the fiber should be submerged? 1.25 = 1.33. Why is the O A. Total internal reflection would be frustrated, allowing loss of signal. O B. Internal reflection would actually be enhanced, so there is no problem. C. Electric eels might have free internet access.arrow_forward
- What is the critical angle for total internal reflection for glass in air? Assume that nglass= 1.50 and nair = 1.00.arrow_forwarda. A ray of light enters a fiber optic cable with index of refraction n from air at an angle e as shown below. Let the angle 0 be 69°. For total internal reflection to occur at the cable-air interface, what must be the value of n? n = nair = 1 0 θα θα narrow_forwardA light ray enters a rectangular block of plastic at an angle of 0₁ = 44.0° and emerges at an angle of 0₂ = 1 n (a) Determine the index of refraction of the plastic. 80.0° as shown in the figure below. (b) If the light ray enters the plastic at a point L = 50.0 cm from the bottom edge, what time interval is required for the light ray to travel through the plastic? nsarrow_forward
- Suppose you have an unknown clear substance immersed in water, and you wish to identify it by finding its index of refraction. You arrange to have a beam of light enter it at an angle of 45.0° with respect to the normal, and you observe the angle of refraction to be 40.3°. A. What is the index of refraction of the substance? B. What is its likely identity?arrow_forwardA light ray in the core (n=1.40) of a cylindrical optical fiber is incident on the cladding. A ray is transmitted through the cladding (n= 1.20) and into the air. The emerging ray makes an angle 02 = 6.10° with the outside surface of the cladding. What angle 01 did the ray in the core make with the axis? Airarrow_forwardPart (b) Numerically, what is the angle in degrees? θ2= Part (c) Write an expression for the reflection angle ψ, with respect to the surface. ψ = Part (d) Numerically, what is this angle in degrees? ψ =arrow_forward
- A ray of light enters a flat surface of a block of glass (n=1.52) that is surrounded by water (n=1.33). If the refractive angle is 24.4°, what would be the angle of reflection? Select one: a. 28.17° b. 15.77° c. 18.10° d. 21.19°arrow_forwardYou are using a transparent tube as an optical fiber in open air (n air=1.00) you have calculated that the critical angle for the fiber is 34.5. a) what is the index of refraction of your optical fiber? b)to make your fiber more durable, you encase it in a cladding with an index of refraction equal to 1.35. Will the beam be reflected into the fiber or will it leak into the cladding when the incident angle inside the fiber is 50.arrow_forwarda. A ray of light enters a fiber optic cable with index of refraction n from air at an angle e as shown below. Let the angle 0 be 69°. For total internal reflection to occur at the cable-air interface, what must be the value of n? Dair - 1 n = Ꮎ θα ec narrow_forward
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