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Answer the following questions:
1. How are twins derived?
2. Describe a monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
3. Draw and label the parts of Gastrulation, Neurulation and the Migration of Neural Crest Cell
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- There are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Proteins on the sperm plasma membrane bind to ZP3 molecules within the zona pellucida of the egg. Why is this event important? Zona binding triggers the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm plasma membrane fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane, causing exocytosis of acrosomal contents. What is in the "acrosomal content"? Acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve a hole in the zona pellucida. This enzymatic degradation, accompanied by rapid sperm tail beating, moves the sperm through the zona. Where does the sperm intend to reach?Match the terms in column A with the descriptions in column B. Column A a. blastocystb. chorionic villic. ectodermd. endoderme. mesodermf. morulag. trophoblastColumn B 1. germ layer that gives rise to muscle and bone tissues2. hollow ball of cells3. cells forming wall of blastocyst4. solid ball of about sixteen cells5. inner germ layer of embryonic disk6. slender extensions that grow out from the trophoblast7. outer germ layer of embryonic diskDiscuss the following terms in detail 1. Fertilization 2. Cleavage 3. Gastrulation
- Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the events following fertilization? Select one: a. Only the inner cell mass cells in a blastocyst are pluripotent. b. The trophoblast has an important role in maintaining the pregnancy, as it prevents the endometrium from shedding. c. As hCG takes over maintaining the endometrium immediately after implantation, the corpus luteum degenerates into the corpus albican. d. All 16 cells in a morula are truly totipotent, meaning that they can become any cells in the human body.Identify 3 effects of progesterone on pregnancy. Select one or more: O a. This causes the uterus to remain contracted after delivery to reduce blood loss from the placental site O b. This is produced when the ovarian follicle that encloses the developing egg forms a structure called the corpus luteum O c. This decreases bladder tone leading to an increased risk of urinary infection O d. This prepares the body for pregnancy. It acts as an appetite stimulant Identify 1 effect of the hormone vasopressin in pregnancy. Select one: O a. This has an important compensatory mechanism for restoring blood pressure in hypovolaemic shock such as that which occurs during haemorrhage O b. Promotes the maintenance of the corpus luteum at the beginning of pregnancy O C. Involved in thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of regulating the menstrual cycleARRANGE THE FOLLOWING EVENTS IN CORRECT SEQUENCE from 1-13: Penetration of the zona pellucida Cortical reaction 1st cleavage Acrosomal membranes rupture, and release their enzyme contents Penetration of the corona radiata Depolarization of egg membranes Migration of cortical cytoplasm to form gray crescent Sperm attach loosely on the zona pellucida Zona reaction Oocyte completes meiotic division ZP3 tenaciously binds acrosome-intact sperm Release of Ca+2 in egg cytoplasm from its bound state Amphimixis
- Cite differencens between frog and chicken ovary. Cite differences of spermatogenesis on frog and chicken.Describe the process of ovulation, the hormone involved and what is released into the Fallopian tube (It isn’t just the oocyte) . At what stage of meiosis is the secondary oocyte? What is the life expectancy of the secondary oocyte?How do tubal ligations and vasectomies prevent further pregnancies? Select one: a. The corpus luteum and the epididymis are suppressed using a chemical swab. The fertilized egg could no longer implant in the endometrium. b. The Fallopian tubes and vas deferens are cut and tied off, thereby preventing the movement of the eggs and sperm. c. The Fallopian tubes and the vas deferens are cut. Eggs and sperm can no longer be produced. d. The Fallopian tube and vas deferens are cut and tied off, thereby reducing needed reproductive hormone levels.
- Which of the following rows correctly identifies the locations of fertilization and the development of the fertilized ovum? Select one: a. Fertilization Development of the fertilized ovum Fallopian tube Uterus b. Fertilization Development of the fertilized ovum Ovary Uterus c. Fertilization Development of the fertilized ovum Fimbriae Endometrium d. Fertilization Development of the fertilized ovum Uterus EndometriumCite differences between grasshopper and rat testis. Cite differences of spermatogenesis on grasshopper and rat.Describe implantation of a blastocyst using simple, labeled diagrams.