
Concept explainers
Androgenetic alopecia (pattern baldness) is a complex
trait in humans governed by several genes, but suppose
a human population exists in which a single autosomal
allele determines pattern baldness. This allele is dominant in males and recessive in females. The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and 51% of
the men are bald.
a. What is the allele frequency of the baldness allele
among males?
b. What is the allele frequency of the baldness allele
among females?
c. What percentage of the women in this population
will exhibit pattern baldness? d. Assuming random mating, what proportion of all
matings should be between a bald man and a
nonbald woman?
e. What percentage of the bald men in the population
are heterozygotes?
f. If a nonbald couple produces a bald son, what is
the probability that their next son will be bald?
g. A woman with androgenetic alopecia has a daughter, but nothing is known about the father. What is
the probability that the daughter will be bald?

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