Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Order and rate law of a reaction
To understand how elementary steps make up a mechanism and how
the rate law for an elementary step can be determined.
The overall order of an elementary step directly corresponds to its molecularity. Both steps in this example are second order because they are each bimolecular.
Furthermore, the rate law can be determined directly from the number of each type of molecule in an elementary step. For example, the rate law for step 1 is
Very often, a reaction does not tell us the whole story. For instance,
the reaction
rate =
k[NO2]?
NO2(9) + CO(9)¬NO(g)+CO2(g)
The exponent "2" is used because the reaction involves two NO2 molecules. The rate law for step 2 is
does not involve a collision between an NO2 molecule and a
CO molecule. Based on experimental data at moderate temperatures,
this reaction is thought to occur in the following two steps:
rate = k[NO3]"[CO]' = k[NO3][CO]
because the reaction involves only one molecule of each reactant the exponents are omitted.
1. NO2 (g) + NO2(9)→NO3(9)+NO(g)
2. NO3 (9) + CO(9)→CO2(9)+NO2(9)
Analyzing a new reaction
Each individual step is called an elementary step. Together, these
elementary steps are called the reaction mechanism.
Consider the following elementary steps that make up the mechanism of a certain reaction:
Overall, the resulting reaction is
1. 2X→Y+Z
2. Y+ 2L→M+Z
NO2 (g) + CO(g)→NO(g)+CO2(g)
Notice that in the elementary steps NO3 appears both as a product
and then as a reactant; therefore it cancels out of the final chemical
equation. NO3 is called a reaction intermediate. Also notice that 2
molecules of NO2 appear in the reactants of the first step and 1
molecule of NO2 appears as product of the second step, the net
effect leaves only 1 molecule of NO2 as a reactant in the net
equation.
Part A
What is the overall reaction?
Express your answer as a chemical equation.
• View Available Hint(s)
Molecularity is the proper term for "how the molecules collide" in a
reaction. For example, step 1 is bimolecular because it involves the
collision of two molecules. Step 2 is also bimolecular for the same
reason. Unimolecular reactions involve only one molecule in the
reactants. Though rare, collisions among three molecules can occur.
ΑΣφ
Such a reaction would be called termolecular.
expand button
Transcribed Image Text:Order and rate law of a reaction To understand how elementary steps make up a mechanism and how the rate law for an elementary step can be determined. The overall order of an elementary step directly corresponds to its molecularity. Both steps in this example are second order because they are each bimolecular. Furthermore, the rate law can be determined directly from the number of each type of molecule in an elementary step. For example, the rate law for step 1 is Very often, a reaction does not tell us the whole story. For instance, the reaction rate = k[NO2]? NO2(9) + CO(9)¬NO(g)+CO2(g) The exponent "2" is used because the reaction involves two NO2 molecules. The rate law for step 2 is does not involve a collision between an NO2 molecule and a CO molecule. Based on experimental data at moderate temperatures, this reaction is thought to occur in the following two steps: rate = k[NO3]"[CO]' = k[NO3][CO] because the reaction involves only one molecule of each reactant the exponents are omitted. 1. NO2 (g) + NO2(9)→NO3(9)+NO(g) 2. NO3 (9) + CO(9)→CO2(9)+NO2(9) Analyzing a new reaction Each individual step is called an elementary step. Together, these elementary steps are called the reaction mechanism. Consider the following elementary steps that make up the mechanism of a certain reaction: Overall, the resulting reaction is 1. 2X→Y+Z 2. Y+ 2L→M+Z NO2 (g) + CO(g)→NO(g)+CO2(g) Notice that in the elementary steps NO3 appears both as a product and then as a reactant; therefore it cancels out of the final chemical equation. NO3 is called a reaction intermediate. Also notice that 2 molecules of NO2 appear in the reactants of the first step and 1 molecule of NO2 appears as product of the second step, the net effect leaves only 1 molecule of NO2 as a reactant in the net equation. Part A What is the overall reaction? Express your answer as a chemical equation. • View Available Hint(s) Molecularity is the proper term for "how the molecules collide" in a reaction. For example, step 1 is bimolecular because it involves the collision of two molecules. Step 2 is also bimolecular for the same reason. Unimolecular reactions involve only one molecule in the reactants. Though rare, collisions among three molecules can occur. ΑΣφ Such a reaction would be called termolecular.
To understand how elementary steps make up a mechanism and how
the rate law for an elementary step can be determined.
Part C
Very often, a reaction does not tell us the whole story. For instance,
the reaction
What is the rate law for step 1 of this reaction?
NO2 (g) + CO(g)→NO(g)+CO2(g)
Express your answer in standard MasteringChemistry notation. For example, if the rate law is k[A][C]³ type k*[A]*[c]^3.
does not involve a collision between an NO2 molecule and a
CO molecule. Based on experimental data at moderate temperatures,
this reaction is thought to occur in the following two steps:
• View Available Hint(s)
Rate =
1. NO2 (g) + NO2(9)→NO3(9)+NO(g)
2. NO3 (g) + CO(9)→CO2(g) +NO2 (9)
Submit
Each individual step is called an elementary step. Together, these
elementary steps are called the reaction mechanism.
Overall, the resulting reaction is
Part D
NO2(9) + CO(g)→NO(g)+CO2(g)
Notice that in the elementary steps NO3 appears both as a product
What is the rate law for step 2 of this reaction?
and then as a reactant; therefore it cancels out of the final chemical
equation. NO3 is called a reaction intermediate. Also notice that 2
molecules of NO2 appear in the reactants of the first step and 1
molecule of NO2 appears as product of the second step, the net
effect leaves only 1 molecule of NO2 as a reactant in the net
equation.
Express your answer in standard MasteringChemistry notation. For example, if the rate law is k[A][C]3 type k*[A]*[c]^3.
• View Available Hint(s)
Rate =
Molecularity is the proper term for "how the molecules collide" in a
reaction. For example, step 1 is bimolecular because it involves the
collision of two molecules. Step 2 is also bimolecular for the same
reason. Unimolecular reactions involve only one molecule in the
reactants. Though rare, collisions among three molecules can occur.
Submit
Such a reaction would be called termolecular.
expand button
Transcribed Image Text:To understand how elementary steps make up a mechanism and how the rate law for an elementary step can be determined. Part C Very often, a reaction does not tell us the whole story. For instance, the reaction What is the rate law for step 1 of this reaction? NO2 (g) + CO(g)→NO(g)+CO2(g) Express your answer in standard MasteringChemistry notation. For example, if the rate law is k[A][C]³ type k*[A]*[c]^3. does not involve a collision between an NO2 molecule and a CO molecule. Based on experimental data at moderate temperatures, this reaction is thought to occur in the following two steps: • View Available Hint(s) Rate = 1. NO2 (g) + NO2(9)→NO3(9)+NO(g) 2. NO3 (g) + CO(9)→CO2(g) +NO2 (9) Submit Each individual step is called an elementary step. Together, these elementary steps are called the reaction mechanism. Overall, the resulting reaction is Part D NO2(9) + CO(g)→NO(g)+CO2(g) Notice that in the elementary steps NO3 appears both as a product What is the rate law for step 2 of this reaction? and then as a reactant; therefore it cancels out of the final chemical equation. NO3 is called a reaction intermediate. Also notice that 2 molecules of NO2 appear in the reactants of the first step and 1 molecule of NO2 appears as product of the second step, the net effect leaves only 1 molecule of NO2 as a reactant in the net equation. Express your answer in standard MasteringChemistry notation. For example, if the rate law is k[A][C]3 type k*[A]*[c]^3. • View Available Hint(s) Rate = Molecularity is the proper term for "how the molecules collide" in a reaction. For example, step 1 is bimolecular because it involves the collision of two molecules. Step 2 is also bimolecular for the same reason. Unimolecular reactions involve only one molecule in the reactants. Though rare, collisions among three molecules can occur. Submit Such a reaction would be called termolecular.
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