An optical fiber ('silica-glass') has a 'core' core with diameter 2a = 4µm and index of refraction n1 = 1.468 and a cladding shell with n2 = 1.447. (a) Calculate the numerical NA aperture of the optical fiber and the 2αmax air acceptance angle. (b) Using the data in the table below, calculate the number of modes for each length waveform: 870, 1312, 1550nm. (c) The optical power incident on the fiber by a diode laser, which operates at λ = 1312nm, is approximately 5mW. A photodetector at the fiber output requires minimal power of 5nW to do signal detection. What is the maximum fiber length that can be used without having to insert a signal repeater/regenerator into the system?

Chapter 36, Problem 017 (a) Find the equation of a at which intensity extrema for single-slit diffraction occur (Im - is maximum). What are the (b) smallest a and (c) associated m, the (d) second smallest a and (e) associated m, and the (f) third smallest a and (g) associated m? (Note: To find values of a satisfying this conditiion, plot the curve y = tan a and the straight line y = a and then find their intersections, or use a calculator to find an appropriate value of a by trial and error. Next, from a = (m+1/2)x, determine the values of m associated with the maxima in the single-slit pattern. These m values are not integers because secondary maxima do not lle exactly halfway between minima.) (a) = 0 2 Edit •1 (b) a = Number Units 2 Units (c) m = Number *3 Units (d) a = Number *4 Units (e) m = Number Units (f) a = Number Units (g) m = Number

Pluto and its moon Charon are separated by 19600 km. An undergraduate researcher wants to determine if the 5.08 m diameter Mount Palomar telescope can resolve these bodies when they are 5.40×109 km from Earth (neglecting atmospheric effects). Assume an average wavelength of 545 nm. To determine the answer, calculate the ratio of the telescope's angular resolution ?T to the angular separation ?PC of the celestial bodies.

A convex lens is used to focus light waves to a pointwithin its focal length. The convex lens chosen has a refractive index is 1.5.This lens is placed over a glass plate in such a way it receives the incidentlight normally. What will be the radius of the 6th dark circle inthe achieved interference pattern of reflected rays from the air film created.Assuming the radius of curvature as 4m. The wavelength of the incident light is5890*10^-10m