
An inner-city electric bus with 7,200kg weight and average speed of 72 km/hour operates using a hybrid power source of lithium-ion battery pack and a bank of super capacitor. equipped with a lithium battery pack and a bank of supercapacitor. The energy content of the supercapacitor bank is twice the regenerative breaking energy of the electric bus at average speed. The electric bus commutes 490 km per charged battery and consumes 400 Wh/km.
- Design the supercapacitor bank to provide 100V output, based on supercapacitor cells with 3600F capacitance and 2V.
- Calculate the energy density of the supercapacitor at the cell level, assume cells with 10cm diameter and 15 cm height.
3. Design the battery pack for the electric bus by assuming that the energy of regenerative breaking will not be used for commuting but used to run the vehicle’s accessories. The unit cell of the battery pack is a lithium-ion cell with 3.92V and 20Ah capacity. The battery pack output voltage is 490V.
4..Calculate the energy density of the battery pack, assuming closed-pack arrangement of the prismatic unit cells. Dimensions of the unit cell are 15cm width, 25cm length and 0.5cm thickness.

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